Low Frequency (LF): tags typically use frequency-shift keying (FSK) between the 125/134 kHz frequencies. The data rates from these tags is low (~12 kbps) and they are not appropriate for any applications requiring fast data transfers. However, the low frequency tags are suitable for animal identification such as dairy cattle and other livestock. The read range for low frequency tags is approximately .33 meters. Show High Frequency (HF): tags operate in the 13.56 MHz industrial band. It is known that the longer wavelengths of the HF radio signal are less susceptible to absorption by water or other liquids. Therefore, these tags are better suited for tagging liquids. The read range for high frequency tags is approximately 1 meter. The short read range provides for better defined read ranges. The applications for tags in this frequency range include access control, smart cards, and shelf inventory. Ultra-high frequency (UHF): tags work at 860-960 MHz and at 2.4 GHz. The data rates for these tags can be from 50-150 kbps and greater. These tags are popular for tracking inventory. The read range for passive UHF tags is 10 - 20 ft which make it a better choice for reading pallet tags. However, if an active tag is used, a read range up to 100 meters is possible. Recommended textbook solutions
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Stenden year 1 Terms in this set (39)What are the 7 layers of the OSI model? 1. Physical What happens inside the physical layer in the OSI model? Describes the mechanical end electrical details of a network component. For example, cables. What happens inside the data link layer in the OSI model? Describes the basic techniques that networks use to uniquely identify devices on a network and the means for one device to send information over the physical layer to another device in the form of data packets. For example, a switch. What happens inside the network layer in the OSI model? Handles the routing of data across networks. For example, a router. What happens inside the transport layer in the OSI model? Provides for reliable delivery of packets. What happens inside the session layer in the OSI model? Establishes sessions between network applications. What happens inside the presentation layer in the OSI model? Converts data so that systems that use different data formats can exchange information. What happens inside the application layer in the OSI model?
Allows applications to request network services. What are packets? Small chunks of one whole data sent individually throughout the web on their own path What are collisions? Inside a network, it is possible for packets to collide when trying to reach their destination, in a small network this isn't really a problem, but in big networks, they cost both time and money. Fortunately, fixing this is very easy due to the fact that they only happen when hubs are in use, just swap the hub for a switch. What are broadcast packets? They are packets which are sent to a whole network. What is a switch? Switches have the ability to learn which devices can be accessed from a certain port, it inserts this information into a table and then proceeds to check it when it has to reroute a packet. Forwarding is the process in which a switch reroutes a packet that is received in port 1 and then sends it to port 7 for example. What is flooding inside a switch? It's when a packet has a destination address which is not present inside of the switch's MAC address table, so the packet it copied and sent to all ports in hope of the receiver getting the packet. What are the 3 main functions of a switch? Learning, forwarding, flooding What are collision domains? Collision domains are the segments of a network on which collisions are possible. In a switched network each collision domain consists of only two network interfaces, the port of the switch and the port of the machine. What's a router? Routers are a layer three device that examine IP addresses to determine to which network a packet must go. What's a VLAN? A VLAN is a virtual network which runs inside a preexisting network. It allows the use of a single switch as multiple switches, each switch flooding only the specific network it is connected to. What's a network protocol? A network protocol is a set of instructions a machine must follow in order to complete any action related to networking. Explain layer 1 of the OSI model. The Physical Layer: Explain layer 2 of the OSI model. The Data Link Layer: Explain layer 3 of the OSI model. The Network Layer: Explain layer 4 of the OSI model. The Transport Layer: Explain layer 5 of the OSI model. The Session Layer:
Explain layer 6 of the OSI model. The Presentation Layer: Explain layer 7 of the OSI model. The Application Layer: What's an IP address? Internet Protocol is a network layer protocol responsible for delivering packets to network devices. The IP protocol uses logical IP addresses to refer to individual devices inside of a network instead of MAC addresses. What is TCP? Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented transport layer protocol. TCP lets a device reliably send a packet to another device on the same network or on a different network. TCP ensures that each packet is delivered, if at all possible, by establishing a connection with the receiving device and then sending the packets. If a packet doesn't arrive, TCP resends the packet. The connection is closed only after the packet has been successfully delivered or an unrecoverable error condition has occurred. What's UDP? User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless transport layer protocol used when the overhead of a connection isn't required. After UDP has placed a packet on the network (via the IP protocol), it forgets about it. UDP doesn't guarantee that the packet arrives at its destination. Most applications that use UDP simply wait for any replies expected as a result of packets sent via UDP. If a reply doesn't arrive within a certain period of time, the application either sends the packet again or gives up. What are the five classes of IP addresses? Class A: The first bit is 0. What is subnetting? It divides a single range of IP addresses into two or more smaller ranges. What is a gateway router? Its a smaller router that has 2 ports only. It connects your ISP's internet connection to your router. What are routing tables and which are the 4 entries it contains? Routers work by maintaining an internal list of networks that can be reached via each of the router's interfaces. This list is called a routing table. When a packet arrives on one of the router's interfaces, the router examines the destination IP address of the incoming packet, consults the routing table to determine which of its interfaces it should forward the packet to, and then forwards the packet to the correct interface. Each table contains the following entries: What is a DHCP server? DHCP allows the computers in a TCP/IP network to obtain their necessary configuration, mostly their IP and subnet mask. The DHCP server keeps a record of all the IP addresses which are available and which ones have already been assigned inside the network. What information does a DHCP server provide? The default gateway address Explain the steps a DHCP server goes trough to send all the information necessary to set up the TCP/IP stack. When the host computer starts up, the client DHCP sends a broadcast message called DHCP discovery message. This special broadcast looks to find any available DHCP servers in the network. The DHCP server receives the discovery message and proceeds to send a DHCP offer message containing an available IP address that the client can use. The client DHCP receives the offer message and responds by sending back a DHCP request message confirming that it can use the IP address proposed to it. When the DHCP server receives the request message the server marks the IP address as assigned and sends a final broadcast to the client in the form of a DHCP Ack message containing the rest of the information necessary to set up the TCP/IP stack using the assigned address. What is scope? A scope is simply the range of IP addresses the DHCP server is allowed to distribute to clients. What's DNS? Domain Name Service. It provides a standardized system for providing names to identify TCP/IP hosts as well as a way to look up the IP address of a host, given the host's DNS name. What are zones inside of a DNS database? A zone is a specific part inside a DNS database that is tied directly to a domain and helps with managing the organization of the domains. What are the two types of DNS queries? Recursive queries: When a client issues a recursive DNS query, the server must reply with either the IP address of the requested host name or an error message indicating that the host name doesn't exist. If the server doesn't have the information, it asks another DNS server for the IP address. When the first server finally gets the IP address, it sends it back to the client. If the server determines that the information doesn't exist, it returns an error message. Iterative queries: When a server receives an iterative query, it returns the IP address of the requested host name if it knows the address. If the server doesn't know the address, it returns a referral, which is simply the address of a DNS server that should know. The client can then issue an iterative query to the server to which it was referred. Students also viewedTRANSVERSAL PROJECT TEAM 720 terms Marta_Marin024 IT31 terms Joshua_Lin_ DATA SECURITY20 terms quizlette82444758 More Words7 terms Thom1409 Other sets by this creatorChange management47 terms KBG360 Dutch "Who am I?"18 terms KBG360 Repaso de los hidrocarburos aromaticos y alcoholes21 terms KBG360 Usos de los elementos25 terms KBG360 Verified questions
chemistry Give the name and formula of the compound formed from the following elements: (a) cesium and bromine; (b) sulfur and barium; (c) calcium and fluorine. Verified answer
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physics A radially dependent surface charge is distributed on an infinite flat sheet in the x-y plane and is characterized in cylindrical coordinates by surface density $\rho_{s}=\rho_{0} / \rho,$ where $\rho_{0}$ is a constant. Determine the electric field strength, E, everywhere on the z axis. Verified answer
chemistry Indicate whether you expect each of the following substances to be soluble in water. $$ \begin{array}{llll}\text { (a) } \mathrm{BaSO}_4 & \text { (b) } \mathrm{Li}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3 & \text { (c) } \mathrm{KOH} & \text { (d) } \mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2\end{array} $$ Verified answer Recommended textbook solutionsFundamentals of Database Systems7th EditionRamez Elmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe 687 solutions Introduction to Algorithms3rd EditionCharles E. Leiserson, Clifford Stein, Ronald L. Rivest, Thomas H. Cormen 726 solutions
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What network device sends data packets between networks?Router. A router directs data requests from one network to another. Routers examine incoming packets to determine the appropriate destination IP address and then forward the packet to that destination. A router can also enable internet access through its connection to a modem, or as a combined modem-router.
Which of the following is a device that sends packets of data?A hub is a networking device that sends packets of data to all other devices on the network.
Which of the following devices receive data and transfer data packets to all computers connected to it?So a router is typically connected to at least two LANs and the internet service provider (ISP). It receives its data in the form of packets, which are data frames with their destination address added. Router also strengthens the signals before transmitting them.
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Which device sends data packets to all connected devices in a network quizlet?
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