In which of the following stages is a major portion of the physical and mental project work

Posted on September 1, 2022 by hakan

A major portion of the project work,both physical and mental,takes place during the production stage of the project life cycle.

THE PROJECT LIFE CYCLE

16 August 2014

Índice

• THE PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
• In which stage of the project lifecycle is a major portion of the actual project work performed?
• In which stage of the project life cycle are project objectives established teams formed and major responsibilities assigned?
• In which stage of the project life cycle is the product of the project delivered to the customer and resources are released from the project?
• What are the 5 stages of the project life cycle?

The life cycle recognises that projects have a limited life span and that there are predictable changes in level of effort and focus over the life of the project. There are a number of different life-cycle models in project management literature. Many are unique to a specific industry or type of project. For example, a new software development project may consist of five phases: definition, design, code, integration/test and maintenance. A generic cycle based on the PMI’s Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK) is depicted in below Figure. 

The project life cycle typically passes through four phases: Initiating, Planning, Executing and Closing. The starting point begins the moment the project is given the go-ahead. Project effort starts slowly, builds to a peak and then declines as the project is delivered to the customer.

1. Initiating phase: Specifications of the project are defined, project objectives are established and agreed, teams start to form and major responsibilities are assigned.
2. Planning phase: The level of effort increases, and plans are developed to determine what the project will entail, when it will be scheduled, who it will benefit, what quality level should be maintained, what the budget will be, what risks there might be, how the project will be communicated, what is to be procured, and how resources will be assigned and managed (to name but a few activities).
3. Executing phase: The agreed project plans are executed. This is where a major portion of the project work takes place—both physical and mental. The physical product is produced (a bridge, a report, a software program). Time, cost and specification measures are used for control—to check whether the project is on schedule, is within budget and is meeting specifications. What are the forecasts of each of these measures? What revisions/changes are necessary?
4. Closing phase: Closing includes three key activities: delivering the project’s product (or service) to the customer, redeploying project resources and conducting a post-project review. Delivery of the project might include customer training and transferring documents. Redeployment usually involves releasing project equipment/materials to other projects and finding new assignments for team members. Post- project reviews include not only assessing performance, but also capturing lessons learned.

Although not a phase in its own right, there is an overarching expectation that the project will be carefully monitored and controlled throughout its life cycle. One key process commonly applied during monitoring and controlling a project is the change (or variation) process. This process is defined at project initiation and applied throughout the life of the project for changes to any aspects of the project, such as changes to the scope of the project itself.

In practice, the project life cycle is used by some project groups to depict the timing of major tasks over the life of the project. For example, the design team might plan a major commitment of resources in the initiating phase, while the quality team would expect their major effort to increase during the Executing phase of the project life cycle. Because most organisations have a portfolio of projects taking place concurrently, each at a different phase of each project’s life cycle, careful planning and management at the organisation and project levels are imperative.

This life cycle will form the basis of the framework that will be used throughout this text. Chapter 2 provides further detail on the PMBoK-based project management life cycle, with each subsequent chapter thereafter targeting an area of knowledge and looking at how that particular knowledge area is embedded within the project management life cycle.

Project Management in Practice. McGraw-Hill