The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985 Show
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. Michael S. BrownPrize share: 1/2 Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. Joseph L. GoldsteinPrize share: 1/2 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985 was awarded jointly to Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism" To cite this section Back To TopTakes users back to the top of the page Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to make hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help you digest foods. Your body makes all the cholesterol it needs. Cholesterol is also found in foods from animal sources, such as egg yolks, meat, and cheese. If you have too much cholesterol in your blood, it can combine with other substances in the blood to form plaque. Plaque sticks to the walls of your arteries. This buildup of plaque is known as atherosclerosis. It can lead to coronary artery disease, where your coronary arteries become narrow or even blocked. What are HDL, LDL, and VLDL?HDL, LDL, and VLDL are lipoproteins. They are a combination of fat (lipid) and protein. The lipids need to be attached to the proteins so they can move through the blood. Different types of lipoproteins have different purposes:
What causes high cholesterol?The most common cause of high cholesterol is an unhealthy lifestyle. This can include:
Genetics may also cause people to have high cholesterol. For example, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited form of high cholesterol. Other medical conditions and certain medicines may also cause high cholesterol. What can raise my risk of high cholesterol?A variety of things can raise your risk for high cholesterol:
What health problems can high cholesterol cause?If you have large deposits of plaque in your arteries, an area of plaque can rupture (break open). This can cause a blood clot to form on the surface of the plaque. If the clot becomes large enough, it can mostly or completely block blood flow in a coronary artery. If the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle is reduced or blocked, it can cause angina (chest pain) or a heart attack. Plaque also can build up in other arteries in your body, including the arteries that bring oxygen-rich blood to your brain and limbs. This can lead to problems such as carotid artery disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. How is high cholesterol diagnosed?There are usually no signs or symptoms that you have high cholesterol. There is a blood test to measure your cholesterol level. When and how often you should get this test depends on your age, risk factors, and family history. The general recommendations are: For people who are age 19 or younger::
For people who are age 20 or older::
How can I lower my cholesterol?You can lower your cholesterol through heart-healthy lifestyle changes. They include a heart-healthy eating plan, weight management, and regular physical activity. If the lifestyle changes alone do not lower your cholesterol enough, you may also need to take medicines. There are several types of cholesterol-lowering drugs available, including statins. If you take medicines to lower your cholesterol, you still should continue with the lifestyle changes. Some people with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) may receive a treatment called lipoprotein apheresis. This treatment uses a filtering machine to remove LDL cholesterol from the blood. Then the machine returns the rest of the blood back to the person. NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Start Here
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National Institutes of HealthThe primary NIH organization for research on Cholesterol is the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Other LanguagesFind health information in languages other than English on Cholesterol NIH MedlinePlus Magazine
DisclaimersMedlinePlus links to health information from the National Institutes of Health and other federal government agencies. MedlinePlus also links to health information from non-government Web sites. See our disclaimer about external links and our quality guidelines. Which substance primarily contains cholesterol and protein quizlet?These include VLDLs, primarily triglycerides and protein; LDLs, mostly cholesterol and protein; and HDLs, mainly phospholipids and protein. LDLs are the only lipoproteins that are manufactured by the liver and primarily contain cholesterol and protein.
Which substance primarily contains cholesterol and protein and is associated with atherosclerosis?Lipoprotein particles are composed of proteins, phospholipids, and also lipids such as cholesterol and triglyceride. One of the most important atherogenic lipoproteins is the cholesterol-rich low density lipoprotein (LDL).
What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis group of answer choices?3, a primary initiating event in atherosclerosis is the accumulation of LDL in the subendothelial matrix. Accumulation is greater when levels of circulating LDL are raised, and both the transport and retention of LDL are increased in the preferred sites for lesion formation.
What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm group of answer choices?Atherosclerosis can also cause aneurysms, a serious complication that can occur anywhere in the body. Most people with aneurysms have no symptoms. Pain and throbbing in the area of an aneurysm may occur and is a medical emergency. If an aneurysm bursts, it can cause life-threatening bleeding inside the body.
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