Which of the following statements correctly describes the effectiveness of psychotherapy

Which one of the following is not considered an experimental and relationship-oriented therapy?

Which one of the following is not associated with the cognitive-behavioral action-oriented therapies?

Which humanistic approach emphasizes the basic attitudes of the therapist as the core of the therapeutic process?

Presenting one model to which all trainees subscribe 

is dangerous in that it can limit their effectiveness in working with a diverse range of future clients.

The author makes a case for

initially getting an overview of the major theoretical orientation and then delving more deeply into each approach

Which of the following statements about theories or models of counseling/psychotherapy is true?

There is a clear place for theoretical pluralism in our society

What type of factors oftentimes limit our freedom of choice?

Social, Environmental, Cultural and Biological

Which of these statements about interventions is true?

During the course of an individual's therapy, different interventions may be needed at different times.

Which approach was developed during the 1940s as a nondirective reaction against psychoanalysis?

Francesca, a cognitive behavioral therapist, likes to give homework assignments to her clients. What might her rationale be for doing this?

Homework can be a vehicle for assisting her clients in putting into action what they are learning in therapy.

Which of the following statements best describes the author's view of the medical model?

A focus on the medical model restricts therapeutic practice because it stresses deficits rather than strengths.

A comprehensive approach to counseling

goes beyond focusing on our internal dynamics and addresses those environmental and systemic realities that influence us.

It is especially important for counselor who work with culturally diverse client populations to

Be aware of their cultural heritage. Have broad base of techniques. COnsider cultural contexts in determining interventions examine their own assumptions about cultural values

According to the text, research shows that counselor values influence

Therapy goals Assessment Strategies Treatment Outcome

Clients place more value on ____ than on ____.

The personality of the therapist; the specific techniques used.

With regard to the role of the counselor's' personal values in therapy, it is appropriate for counselors to

Avoid the imposition of their values, yet expose their values to the clients.

During an initial session, an adolescent girl tells you she is pregnant and is considering an abortion. Which of the following would be the most ethical and professional course for you to follow?

Help her to clarify the range of her choices in light of her own values.

Culturally encapsulated counselors would be most likely to

Depend entirely on their own internalized value assumptions about what is good for people.

You are working with an ethnic minority client who is silent during the initial phase of counseling. This silence is probably best interpreted as

A response consistent with his or her cultural context

Which of the following is not considered essential knowledge for a culturally competent counselor?

Knowing how to analyze transference reactions

Essential components of effective multicultural counseling include all of the following

Counselors avoid becoming involved in out-of-office interventions

In working with culturally diverse clients, it helps to understand and assess

Clients expectation from counseling. Degree of acculturation that has taken place. Attitude that client has about seeking counseling. The message they receive from their culture for asking for professional help.

Which of the following is not a method of increasing effectiveness in working with diverse client populations?

Realize that practicing from a multicultural perspective will probably make your job very difficult.

The ____ factors - the alliance, the relationship, the personal and interpersonal skills of the therapist, client agency, and extra-therapeutic factors - are the primary determinants of therapeutic outcome.

In becoming an ethical practitioner, a crucial task is to:

Learn how to interpret and apply ethical codes to an ethical dilemma.

According to the text, the challenge of providing informed consent consists of 

Striking a balance between giving clients too much and too little information about the therapeutic process.

Many ethical codes state that dual or multiple relationships

Should be avoided whenever possible

Privileged communication does not apply to

Group counseling Couples counseling Family Therapy Child and Adolescent Therapy

Confidentiality must be breached and information must be reported by practitioners when

Client poses a threat to other Child under 16 is victim of rape/incest/or child abuse Older adult is abused Therapist determines client needs immediate, involuntary hospitalization

Under what circumstances should a therapist consult with colleagues or specialists?

Client complains of physical symptoms Facing ethical problem Working with client for long time and losing objectivity

Both feminist therapists and postmodern therapists tend to view diagnosis as it is traditionally done

as often oppressive and ignoring of societal contexts.

According to the text, positive ethics is a practice in which counselors

base their ethical decisions on what is best for their clients rather than minimal standards of care

During her sessions, Justine question whether she is trying to meet her client's need or her own needs. Justine is 

Engaging in meaningful self-reflection and self-assessment as a professional 

Assessment is a useful method of

Evaluating a client's current level of functioning Forming a case conceptualization Involving the client as an active participant in treatment Gaining insight into the client's subjective world

Evidence based practices are not

Based on psychodynamic principles

______ is the view of ethical practice that deals with the minimum level of professional practice.

Evidence suggesting the concept of the unconscious includes:

Dreams Post-hypnotic suggestions Free-Association

A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to conceal hostile feelings is probably using which ego defense mechanism?

One of the most important Freudian concepts, which consists of pushing unacceptable life events and painful feelings into the unconscious is:

The ego defense mechanism in which a person exhibits behavior that clearly shows signs of reverting to less mature stages is?

Attributing to other the qualities or traits that are unacceptable to our own ego is best described as

The technique whereby the analyst explains the meaning of certain behavior is known as:

A person who manages their anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledge painful events is most likely using:

Directing energy toward another object or a person (when anxiety is reduced by focusing on a "safer target") is known as

Manufacturing "good" reasons to explain away a bruised ego, or to explain away failures of losses, is known as:

The young adult who adopts his parent's outdated political beliefs to avoid unpleasant feelings of anxiety is an example of:

The ego defense mechanism that consist of masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitation is known as:

The Electra complex and Oedipus complex are associated with what psychosexual stage of development?

Freud used the term libido in which of the following ways?

To refer to the energy of all the life instincts 

In Erikson's view, the major developmental task in adolescence is:

Identity vs Role Confusion

The main function of the ego is:

To mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment.

If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage of development, later personality problems may include

Rejecting others' love Fear of intimate relationships Mistrust of others

According to Erickson, the basic struggle of early childhood involves

Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt

From a multicultural perspective, classical analysis may

Discourage clients who do not hold upper-middle class values. Problematic for those who prefer direct approach. Underscore the role of important cultural and political factors in clients' world.

All of the following are part of Jung's view of development except:

All of the following are true about a therapist's countertransference reactions except:

Adler taught that we must successfully master three universal life tasks. Which of the following is not one of these tasks?

Which is (are) true concerning one's style of life?

All people have a lifestyle, but no two are the same. Lifestyle is largely set by age 6. Lifestyle is reaction to perceived inferiority. Lifestyle is learned from early family interactions

The purpose of examining a client's family constellation is

To get a picture of the individual's early social world.

The term "Social Interest" refers to:

An individual's attitude in dealing with the social world. A sense of identification and empathy for others. Striving for a better future for all humans

The statement "Only when I receive everyone's approval will i be whole" is an example of 

An Adlerian Therapist asks for the client's earliest recollections in order to:

Discover goals and motivation Reveal their beliefs and basic mistakes Give clues as to the development of that individual's lifestyle.

According to Adlerians, inferiority feelings:

Create motivation to achieve mastery

Geared to the phase of therapy and the needs of the client.

Adlerian therapy has a phenomenological orientation. Thus, the therapist attempts to view the world

From the client's frame of reference.

"Fictional Finalism" is an Adlerian term meaning:

An imagined central goal that guides our behavior.

In helping clients to examine their mistaken goals and faulty assumptions, an Adlerian therapist does not use

Interpretation of the transference relationship

Which of the following aspects are assessed when exploring a client's family constellation?

Birth Order, Interaction between siblings and parents The child's psychosocial position in family.

One contribution of Adlerian therapy is that

Practitioners are given a great deal of freedom in working with their clients.

Which child tends to feel squeezed out and may develop a conviction that life is unfair and a feeling of being cheated?

All of the following are life tasks that Adler taught we must successfully master except for

Achieving self-actualization

The client's core experience in Adlerian therapy consists of

Discovering their basic mistakes and then learning how to correct them.

Which of the following would an Adlerian therapist particularly value?

Modeling of communication and acting in socially minded ways.

The premise of Adlerian group work is

Client's problems are usually of a social nature

When counseling couples, Adlerian therapists strive to

Create solutions for problems Increase the couple's choices Help the couple discover their collective resources Enhance the couple's communication

The Adlerian approach is well suited to multicultural counseling because

The approach encourages clients to define themselves within their social context.

The basic goal of existential psychotherapy is:

To expand self-awareness, increase choice potentials, help clients accept the responsibility of choosing, to help clients experience authentic existence

Finding the "courage to be" involves:

Developing a will to move forward despite fears.

Existential therapy is best considered as

An approach to understanding humans.

The central issue in existential therapy is 

Freedom and responsibility

According to the Existential viewpoint, death

Gives significance to living.

Which technique is considered essential in existential therapy?

In a group based on existential principles, clients learn

There are no ultimate answers for ultimate concerns, view themselves through others' eyes, come to terms with the paradoxes of existence and that pain is a reality of the human experience.

A basic goal of existential therapy

In existential therapy, the concept of the therapist is

A fully alive human companion for the client.

When is the counseling process at its best from an existential viewpoint?

When the deepest self of the therapist meets the deepest part of the client.

Victor Frankl's approach to existential therapy is known as

Who was the Danish philosopher that addressed the role of anxiety and uncertainty in life?

Existentialists contend that the experience of relatedness to other human beings

is healthy if balanced with aloneness

According to existentialists, our search for meaning involves all of these:

Discarding old values, meaninglessness, creating our own value system and the struggle for significance in life.

The central theme running through the works of Viktor Frankl is

For Sartre, existential guilt is what we experience when

We allow others to define us of to make our choices for us.

Existential therapy is unlike many other therapies in that

Does not have a well defined set of principles, stresses the i/thou encounter in therapy process, focuses on the use of therapist's self as the core of therapy, it allows for incorporation of techniques from many other approaches.

Being alone is a process by which we do all of the following except

Reject the social overtures of others.

From a multicultural perspective, some clients may reject this approach because:

Their life circumstances provide them with truly limited choices.

The existential approach is particularly well-suited for clients who:

Are dealing with grief and loss.

The person-centered view of human nature

Affirms a person's capacity to direct his or her own life.

Person-centered therapy is best described as

A philosophy of how the therapy process develops

Welcomes uncertainty in their life, has a capacity for deep and intense interpersonal relationships, does not have artificial dichotomies within him/herself. Is spontaneous and creative.

Person-centered therapy is a(n)

Humanistic approach to therapy

What is the most important factor related to progress in person-centered therapy?

The relationship between the client and therapist.

The person-centered therapist is best described as 

In order for a therapist to communicate "accurate empathic understanding" the counselor must:

Connect emotionally to the client's subjective experience.

the technique of reflection involves the therapist

Mirroring the client's emotional experience of a particular situation

Arguably, the most central limitation of the person centered approach is 

The therapists's limitations as a person

In applying the person-centered approach to crisis intervention, therapists

Communicate deep sense of understanding, provide genuine support and warmth, use a more structured approach and provide clients with direction.

According to Rogerian therapy, an 'internal source of evaluation' is defined as

Looking more to oneself for the answers to the problems of existence

Which of the following personal characteristics of the therapist is most important, according to Carl

Carl Roger's position on confronting the client is that

caring confrontations are beneficial

A consistent theme that underlies most of Carl Roger's writings is 

a faith in the capacity of individuals to develop in a constructive manner if a climate of trust is established.

The person-centered therapist's most important function is

to be his or her real seal in the relationship with a client

From Carl Roger's perspective the client/therapist relationship is characterized by

One of the limitations of the person-centered approach is that

There can be a tendency to give too much support and not enough challenge

In person-centered group therapy, the leader

Displays a sense of trust in the members

Accurate empathic understanding helps clients to:

Notice and value their experiences, re conceptualize earlier experiences, modify their perceptions of themselves, other and the world. increase their confidence in making choices and in pursuing a course of action

A factor that distinguishes the person-centered approach to group counseling from other approaches is

The therapist's role as a facilitator

Gestalt Therapy is a form of 

Field theory suggests that

everything in human experience is relational and in constant flux

Erv Polster believes that storytelling:

Can be the heart of the therapeutic process. People are storytelling beings

Pays attention to the client's nonverbal language

In gestalt therapy, the exercise is considered

a theoretical proposition crafted to fir the client's unique needs

When a person experiences an internal conflict (namely a conflict between topdog and underdog) which of the following techniques would be most appropriate

The internal dialogue exercise

Often Greta, who struggles to feel good about herself, comes to sessions with slouched posture. In order to help Greta gain a clearer understanding of the inner meaning of her slouched posture, a Gestalt therapist might

Ask Greta to exaggerate her poor posture, which is likely to intensify her feelings attached to it

A Gestalt technique that is most useful when a person attempts to deny an aspect of his or her personality (such as tenderness) is

Mariah tells her therapist, a Gestaltist, that she dreamt she got married to a pit bull and felt uneasy about telling her parents that she married a dog. When her parents discovered their son-in-law was a pit bull, they disowned her and suddenly became dogs themselves. In response to this dream, therapist:

should assist her client in reliving the dream as though it was happening in the now and have her become each part of the dream.

The paradoxical theory of behavior change suggests

We change through becoming aware of who we currently are

The basic goal of Gestalt therapy is 

Attaining awareness, and with it greater choice.

According to Gestalt perspective, if people do not remember their dreams

They may be refusing to face what is wrong with their lives.

According to Gestalt therapy, people use avoidance in order to

Keep themselves from facing unfinished business, keep from feeling uncomfortable emotions and keep from having to change

Gestalt therapists say that the clients resist contact by means of

Retroflection, projection and introjection

Which of the following Gestalt techniques involves asking one person in a group to speak to each of the other group members?

The empty chair technique

Assists clients in re-owning parts of their personality, balances internal polarities, allows clients to externalize an introject and helps to resolve unfinished business,

A teenage girl is angry at her parents and cuts on her arm. In Gestalt terms, she is most likely engaging in

Because of his need to be liked, Jose makes careful efforts to get along with everyone and minimize interpersonal conflicts. Which boundary disturbance is Jose exhibiting?

Without proper training, Gestalt therapists may: 

Evoke catharsis without having he ability to work it through with their client; design faulty experiments; may use ready made techniques inappropriately; may damage the therapeutic relationship with the client. (all of these)

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Contemporary Gestalt therapists view client resistance as

An element of therapy that needs to be respected.

What is probably the most important factor in determining the success of psychotherapy?

Which form of psychotherapy has been shown to be the most effective in treating psychological disorders?

Which psychotherapy approach is correctly matched with its description quizlet?

Why has psychodynamic therapy remained a viable approach to psychological treatment?