All GRE Subject Test: Psychology Resources Show
Generalization refers to the tendency for stimuli similar to the __________ to elicit the conditioned response. Possible Answers: unconditioned response conditioned reinforcer None of these conditioned stimulus spontaneous stimuli Correct answer: conditioned stimulus Explanation: Generalization refers to the tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to induce the conditioned response. For example, a dog’s owner rings a bell when he feeds his dog. Over successive occurrences, a dog might begin to salivate to bells of a slightly different timbre. A researcher notices that each time she makes a loud noise her research subject jumps. The researcher then shines a bright light before making a loud noise. After a few pairings she notices that her research subject jumps when only the light is flashed. In this case the light is considered to be which of the following? Possible Answers: Conditioned stimulus Conditioned response Unconditioned response Unconditioned stimulus Correct answer: Conditioned stimulus Explanation: The light is considered the conditioned stimulus because it results in the conditioned response only after it is paired with the unconditioned stimulus (i.e. the loud noise). Prior to learning, the conditioned stimulus does not elicit the learning response. On the other hand, the unconditioned stimulus always causes the response, even without learning. The unconditioned and conditioned responses are the subject's jumping behaviors. In classical conditioning, the order that the unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus are presented impacts learning. What form of conditioning results in the fastest and most resistant form of learning? Possible Answers: The conditioned stimulus is presented before the unconditioned stimulus, and briefly overlaps The unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus are presented at the same time The unconditioned stimulus is presented before the conditioned stimulus The conditioned stimulus is presented first, stops, and then the unconditioned stimulus is presented Correct answer: The conditioned stimulus is presented before the unconditioned stimulus, and briefly overlaps Explanation: Forward conditioning is an effective form of classical conditioning. Forward conditioning includes both trace and delay conditioning. In trace conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented first, is then stopped/removed, and then the unconditioned stimulus (US) is presented. While this can be effective, it is not the most effective of the choices. The most effective form of forward conditioning is delay conditioning, where the CS is presented and then overlaps with the US. In backward conditioning the US is presented before the CS, and does not result in any learning. Simultaneous conditioning occurs when both the US and CS are presented at the same time. In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was considered to be which of following? Possible Answers: Unconditioned response Conditioned response Extinction Unconditioned stimulus Conditioned stimulus Correct answer: Conditioned response Explanation: The dog was conditioned to expect food after hearing the bell or sound, which caused him to salivate before eating. After many repetitions, even before the food arrived, the dog expected to be fed soon after hearing the bell; therefore, the salivation was conditioned to happen after hearing the sound. Your dog loves to go on walks around the neighborhood. You begin an experiment by clapping your hand 3 times before getting the least to walk your dog. Soon every time you clap your hands the dog comes running. This is an example of what concept? Possible Answers: Operant conditioning Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Classical conditioning Positive punishment Correct answer: Classical conditioning Explanation: The correct answer is classical conditioning. In classical conditioning you can train an animal to have a response to an unrelated stimuli. Originally clapping was not associated with going for a walk. Because you associated them together the dog is now conditioned to think clapping means he is going for a walk. On the other hand the rest of the choices are incorrect. Operant conditioning is training a certain desired behavior by reinforcement. Negative reinforcement is an example of operant conditioning. This is when you take something good away to create a desired behavior. Such as taking away a child's cell phone until they clean their room. Positive reinforcement is another example of operant conditioning. This is when you give something good to create a desired behavior. An example of this is giving a child a cookie because they cleaned their room. Last, positive punishment is when you add something bad to decrease a behavior. An example of this is if you spank a child for misbehaving. All GRE Subject Test: Psychology ResourcesWhich if the following are examples of responses learned through classical conditioning?Which of the following are examples of responses learned through classical conditioning? A dog has learned to salivate to a bell, but the bell no longer means that food is coming. If this failure to pair the bell with food occurs often enough, the dog will stop salivating to the bell.
What are some examples of classical conditioning?For example, whenever you come home wearing a baseball cap, you take your child to the park to play. So, whenever your child sees you come home with a baseball cap, he is excited because he has associated your baseball cap with a trip to the park. This learning by association is classical conditioning.
Which of the following is learned in classical conditioning?In classical conditioning, a person or animal learns to associate a neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus, or CS) with a stimulus (the unconditioned stimulus, or US) that naturally produces a behaviour (the unconditioned response, or UR).
Which of the following is an example of a classically conditioned response quizlet?Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning? A child learns to blink her eyes to a bell because the ringing of the bell has been followed by a puff of air to the eye.
|
Which of the following are examples of responses learned through classical conditioning
zusammenhängende Posts
Urheberrechte © © 2024 toptenid.com Inc.
