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Q: What sociological perspective would most likely suggest that educational inequalities are purposeful and set up to reinforce the position of those in power?
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_____ is most closely associated with the concept of the sociological imagination.
the study of groups, organizations, and societies, rather than individuals
Sociology is considered a science because sociologists--
engage in organized and systematic study of phenomena to enhance understanding.
Émile Durkheim’s study of suicide related suicide rates to
the extent to which people were integrated into the group life of a society.
The word that Max Weber used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people’s emotions, thoughts, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes was
Marx viewed the relationship between the capitalists and the exploited workers in systemic terms; that is, he believed that a system of _______relationships maintained the power and dominance of the owners over the workers.
What term do we use to describe the experience of being Black in White America; a division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities?
Which of the following would be an example of cultural capital?
The idea and knowledge that people draw upon as they participate in social life.
Which of the following would be an example of social capital?
The networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively
Which of the following could be a manifest function of colleges?
The recognized and intended consequences that people observe or expect in a social pattern or social institution
Which sociological perspective holds the view that people create their social worlds through interaction and manipulation of symbols?
Interactionist perspective
Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that sports help to maintain people’s physical well-being?
Functionalist perspective
The view that sports serve as an “opiate” for social injustices and distract people from focusing on the reality of personal problems and social issues would most likely be held by
The view that laws are set up to assist those who are in positions of power would be held by:
Which of the following terms is used to describe a systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem?
What sociological perspective would most likely suggest that educational inequalities are purposeful and set up to reinforce the position of those in power?
Which of the following can serve as a variable in a study?
Social scientists call the variable that is hypothesized to cause or influence another variable a (an)
. Feminist researchers would be most interested in which of the following aspects of global research?
Tend to involve and consult subjects more, more oriented towards seeking change,want to raise public consciousness
According to Max Weber, investigators have an ethical obligation to accept research findings even when the data run counter to
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| Karl Marx saw the factory as the center of conflict between society's exploiters and its exploited masses | True |
| The scientific study of social behavior and human groups is known as | Sociology |
| Which of the following sociologists advocated basic research on the lives of Blacks? | W.E.B DuBois |
| A key element in the sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society | as an outsider |
| Which of the following could be a manifest function of colleges? | They prepare students for post-college careers |
| A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is referred to as | Social inequality |
| The concept of anomie was introduced into sociology by | Emile Durkeim |
| Which sociological perspective sees the social world as being in continual struggle? | Conflict perspective |
| Which of the following would be an example of social capital? | Powerful family--political connections |
| The discipline of sociology was given its name by the French theorist | Auguste Comte |
| Having a grandmother who sits on the board of trustees for your college and helps you gain entrance is an example of social capital. | True |
| Marx viewed the relationship between the capitalists and the exploited workers in systemic terms; that is, he believed that a system of ________ relationships maintained the power and dominance of the owners over the workers. | economic, social, and political |
| Which sociological perspective would view society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to its survival and stability? | Functionalist perspective |
| Émile Durkheim is known for his classic sociological study of | Suicide |
| The body of knowledge obtained using methods based upon systematic observation is called a(n) | science |
| Applied sociology is dedicated to facilitating change by altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions. | False |
| Anomie refers to a | loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. |
| Which of the following subject areas is an example of a natural science? | astronomy |
| Which of the following statements is true?1. There are no established procedures for certifying clinical sociologists.2. Applied and clinical sociology are the same. 3 Clinical sociologists take direct responsibility for implementing their ideas. | Clinical sociologists take direct responsibility for implementing their ideas. |
| What concept did DuBois develop to describe the experience of being Black in White America—a division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities? | Double consciousness |
| A study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, that provides sociologists with information concerning how people think or act is known as | A survey |
| A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables is known as a | Hypothesis |
| Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that education is necessary for people to earn more money and advance in society for the purpose of social stability? | functionalist perspective |
| Selection of a research design will influence both the cost of a research project and the amount of time needed to collect the results of the research. | True |
| When a researcher collects information about a group through direct involvement and inspection, this is known as | observation |
| A variable is | a measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions. |
| The variable that is hypothesized to cause or influence another variable is referred to by social scientists as a(n) | independent variable |
| After a sociologist reviews the literature, what is the next step in the process? | to create a hypothesis |
| Income, religion, race, gender, and marital status can all be examples of | variables |
| An operational definition is | an explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept. |
| Correlations are an indication that causality is always present. | False |
| Validity refers to the degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phenomenon under study. | True |
| A research design is a(n) | detailed plan or method for scientifically obtaining data. |
| Validity refers to | the accurate measurement of the phenomenon under study. |
| The relationship between two variables whereby a change in one coincides with a change in the other is known as a(n) | correlation |
| The code of ethics for the discipline of sociology was developed by | the American Sociology Association |
| Sociologists conduct a "review of the literature" to | 1. Refine the problem under study 2. Eliminate or reduce the number of avoidable mistakes they make 3.Clarify possible techniques to be used in collecting date |
| All research designs have positives and negatives associated with them. | true |
| In which type of sample does each member of the entire population being studied have the same chance of being selected? | random sample |
| Ethnography is the most common form of ________ research, which relies on what is seen in the field and in naturalistic settings more than it does on statistical data. | qualitative |
| Which of the following concepts employs the kind of value neutrality in scientific study that Max Weber saw as being so important? | cultural relativism |
| Facing forward in an elevator can be considered a(n) | informal norm |
| Nonmaterial culture | is less resistant to change than material culture. |
| In his research, George Murdock determined which of the following to be a cultural universal? | funeral ceremonies |
| Mores are | norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. |
| The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as | culture |
| Informal norms are | norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern |
| An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture is called | language |
| A law is | a form of governmental social control |
| Sanctions can be positive or negative. | True |
| Severe sanctions serve to punish those who violate informal norms. | False |
| Discovery is the | process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. |
| Which of the following is argued by the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? | Language precedes thought. |
| Norms governing everyday behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern, are known as | folkways. |
| Ethnocentrism is the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. Therefore, ethnocentrism fosters cohesion in a group. This observation would best reflect which sociological perspective? | functionalist perspective |
| The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others is called | ethnocentrism |
| What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion, religious expression, gun control, and sexual orientation? | cultural war |
| The concept of ethnocentrism was originally formulated by | William Graham Sumner. |
| Funerals are found in every culture and thus are a cultural universal. | True |
| A subculture is | a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the larger group. |
| Which social scientist believed that people are in constant conflict between their natural impulsive instincts and societal constraints? | Sigmund Freud |
| Becky has a toy vacuum. She often pushes it around the living room. Becky is in the | Preparatory stage |
| In the nature versus nurture debate, most social scientists maintain that "nurture" is considerably more important than "nature." | False |
| Sara takes her four-year-old brother Matt to a carnival for the first time. They decide to ride the merry-go-round. Matt runs to the front of the line. His sister pulls him back and explains they have to stand in line. This is an example of | Socialization |
| In the nature versus nurture debate, which position do social scientists take? | It is the interaction between environmental factors and biological inheritance that is important in human development. |
| The self is the | distinct identity that sets us apart from others. |
| According to the concept of the looking-glass self, development of one's self-identity based on misperceptions may lead to | a negative self-identity. |
| Which of the following is an example of a symbol? | A hug, A coca-cola bottle, a frown. All of these answers are correct |
| The second stage of development in George Herbert Mead's model is the game stage. | False |
| A retirement party, a high-school graduation party, and a confirmation party are all examples of | rites of passage. |
| Socialization is the process | whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture. |
| Which sociologist suggested that during the second stage of development, children become capable of assuming the perspective of another and are thereby able to respond from that imagined viewpoint? | George Herbert Mead |
| The term significant others is | George Herbert Mead's term for those individuals who are most important in the development of the self. |
| Education, religion, and the government all impact an individual's socialization. | True |
| The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another, thereby enabling one to respond from that imagined viewpoint, is known as | Role taking |
| The dramaturgical approach is | a view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers. |
| According to George Herbert Mead's stages of the self, the preparatory stage occurs when | children imitate the people around them, particularly family members. |
| Charles Horton Cooley is responsible for developing the concept of | the looking-glass self. |
| Rites of passage are | rituals marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another. |