____ 57.Which positioning line is perpendicular to the IR for a PA projection of the mandible? Show
Get answer to your question and much more ____ 58.Where is the CR centered for an AP axial projection of the mandible? Get answer to your question and much more ____ 59.Along with the use of erect positions, what other technical factor is important to demonstrateair/fluid levels in paranasal sinuses? Get answer to your question and much more ____ 60.Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the sinuses?a.Upside EAM (side away from image receptor)b.At the level of the nasionc.Midway between the acanthion and the EAMd.Midway between the outer canthus and the EAM ____ 61.Which sinuses are best demonstrated with a parietoacanthial projection? Get answer to your question and much more ____ 62.A radiograph of a lateral projection of the facial bones reveals that the mandibular rami are notsuperimposed. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph? Get answer to your question and much more ____ 63.A radiograph of a parietoacanthial (Waters) projection reveals that the petrous ridges aresuperimposed over the lower third of the maxillary sinuses. What specific positioning error (if any)led to this radiographic finding? Get answer to your question and much more What is the largest and densest facial bone Which part of the mandible is the curved horizontal portion Which part of the mandible has two vertical portions on each side of the body Which part of the mandible is the junction of the body and ramus Angle of mandible (gonion) What is the anterior, triangular prominence located on the mandible Which part of the mandible is the most anterior & Central Part, where the left and right halves of the mandible fuse Which part of the mandible is the superior border of the body; Consist of spongy bone that supports the roots of the teeth Which part of the mandible is Which is the anterior process on top of the ramus Which is the posterior process on top of the ramus Which part of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the TMJ Which part of the mandible is the concave area at the top of the ramus between the coronoid & condylar process What are the essential projections for the mandible PA -rami PA axial -rami Axiolateral & axiolateral oblique How is the patient positioned for a PA mandibular rami For a PA mandibular rami projection The OML an MSP is how to the IR What is the CR for a PA mandibular rami projection How is the patient positioned for a PA axial mandibular rami projection For a PA axial mandibular rami projection the OML and the MSP is how to the IR What is the CR angulation for a PA axial mandibular rami projection What is the CR for a PA axial mandibular rami projection Exits acanthion at an angle of 20 or 25° cephalic In what projection for the mandibular rami can you see your condylar processes For an axiolateral and axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible, place patient’s head in a lateral position so that the IPL is how to the IR For a axiolateral and axiolateral oblique projection for the mandible should the mouth be opened or closed Closed with teeth together For an axiolateral and axiolateral oblique projection for the mandible Extend the patient’s neck enough so that the long axis of the mandibular body is how with the IR Parallel to the transverse axis (This prevents superimposition of the cervical spine) If the ramus is the area of interest for an axiolateral and axiolateral oblique projection for the mandible what should be done Keep patient’s head in true
lateral positionr/> If the body of the mandible is the area of interest For an axiolateral and axiolateral oblique projection for the mandible what should be done Rotate the patient’s head 30° toward IR If the symphysis is the area of interest for an axiolateral and axiolateral oblique projection for the mandible what should be done Rotate the patients head 45° toward the IR What is the CR For an axiolateral and axiolateral oblique projection for the mandible Directed 25° cephalic to pass through the mandibular region of interest Axiolateral oblique mandibular body Axiolateral oblique mandibular ramus axiolateral oblique mandibular symphysis What are the essential projections for TMJs AP axial Axiolateral oblique For an AP axial TMJ the MSP and OML is how to the IR What is the CR for an AP axial TMJ Enters midway between TMJ’s, 3 inches above nasion at a 35° caudal angle (One exposure made with mouth open, one exposure made with mouth closed) What is the CR angulation for an AP axial TMJ AP axial TMJ closed mouth For an axiolateral oblique TMJ where do we center the IR For an axiolateral oblique TMJ rest the cheek against the IR and rotate MSP how many degrees toward the IR For an axiolateral oblique TMJ the IPL is how to the IR For an axiolateral TMJ the AML is how to the IR Parallel with the transverse axis What is the CR angulation for an axiolateral oblique TMJ For an axiolateral oblique TMJ what does the CR exit through Exits through TMJ closer to IR Where does the CR ENTER for an axiolateral oblique TMJ 1 1/2 inch superior to EAM at a 15° caudal angle (make one exposure with a closed mouth, make one exposure with a open mouth) Axiolateral oblique TMJ open mouth What is a small U-shaped bone situated at the base of the tongue What bone is an accessory bone of the axial Skeleton-not a facial or cranial bone What is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone What shows the entire mandible and TMJs on one image What are the two types of panoramic tomography units Stationary tube/PT and IR are rotated by a special chair Stationary PT/tube and IR Rotate around the PT What shows a distortion free lateral image of the mandible What is the CR angulation for an axiolateral and axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible The air-filled cavities located in the frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the cranium, as well as the maxillae of the face Where do paranasal sinuses get their name formation from the nasal mucosa and their continued communication with the nasal fossae The paranasal sinuses serve as a resonating chamber for what How do the paranasal sinuses affect the weight of the skull What effect do paranasal sinuses have on inhaled air Warm and moisturize the air What role do paranasal sinuses play in the event of a trauma What is a possible function of the paranasal sinuses Control the immune system When do the paranasal sinuses begin to form Which sinuses are usually the only ones developed enough to be demonstrated radiographically at birth By 6 to 7 years of age, frontal and sphenoid are distinguishable from When do the ethmoid sinuses fully develop Which are the largest and most symmetric sinuses, often pyramidal in shape Which are the second largest nasal sinuses that vary greatly in size and shape Which sinuses are rarely symmetric and occasionally absent Which sinus often has only one develop but never more than two Which sinuses are located below sella turcica and extend between dorsum and posterior ethmoids Which sinus is usually asymmetric and varies in shape and size Which sinuses are located in the lateral masses of the labyrinths Which sinus is composed of a varying number of air cells. How many is often in each section Ethmoid sinuses Anterior 2-8 Which paranasal sinuses are divided into three groups What is the only facial bone that contains paranasal sinuses What are the essential projections for the sinuses Lateral PA axial (Caldwell method) Parietoacanthial (Waters method) Parietoacanthial (Waters method) open-mouth modification Submentovertical (SMV) What body position is necessary for sinuses and why The upright position to show fluid levels How should the central ray be for sinuses What is critical to reduce patient dose and scatter radiation Which projection demonstrates all four sets of sinuses Which projection demonstrates the thickness of the frontal bone For a lateral projection of the sinuses which side of the face is more clearly demonstrated How is the MSP for a lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses How is the IPL for a lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses How is the IOML for a lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses
Perpendicular to front edge of IR Where is the CR for a lateral projection of the sinuses perp. 1/2” to 1” posterior to the outer canthus Which sinus is best demonstrated on the lateral projection
All are visible but the sphenoid is best demonstrated For a lateral projection no rotation or tilt of sinus anatomy, as evidenced by Sella turcica in profile Superimposed orbital roofs Superimposed mandibular rami Later projection of sinuses Which projection demonstrates the frontal sinus above the frontonasal suture PA axial projection (Caldwell) Which projection demonstrates the anterior ethmoid cells PA axial projection (Caldwell) For which projection are the sphenoid sinuses seen through nasal fossa below or between ethmoids PA axial projection (Caldwell) Which projection for the petrous pyramids in the lower third of the orbits PA axial projection (Caldwell) Why do you tilt the grid for a PA axial projection (Caldwell) for the sinuses Because the CR needs to be horizontal to show fluid levels How much is the grid tilted for a PA axial projection (Caldwell) of the sinuses If the grid cannot be tilted for a PA axial projection (Caldwell) what technique can be used Vertical grid technique (Rest the tip of the nose on grid device) Where is the IR centered for a PA axial projection (Caldwell) of the sinuses How is the MSP and the OML positioned for a PA axial projection (Caldwell) of the sinuses When using the vertical grid technique PA axial projection (Caldwell) of the sinuses what must be used A radiolucent pad placed on the patient’s forehead PA axial projection (Caldwell) Which projection best demonstrates the maxillary sinuses Parietoacanthial projection (Waters) Which projection demonstrates the petrous pyramids lying inferior to the maxillary floor Parietoacanthial projection (Waters) Which projection demonstrates the frontal and ethmoid sinuses distorted Parietoacanthial projection (Waters) How is the MSP and MML for a parietoacanthial projection (Waters) How is the OML in regards to the IR for a parietoacanthial projection (Waters) What is the CR for a parietoacanthial projection (Waters) Parietoacanthial projection (Waters) Which projection demonstrates all the same factors as the parietoacanthial projection (Waters) except the sphenoid is seen through the opened mouth Parietoacanthial projection (open-mouth Waters) What is the only difference between the parietoacanthial projection (Waters) and the parietoacanthial projection (open-mouth Waters) Parietoacanthial projection (open-mouth Waters) Which projection demonstrates the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses Which projections demonstrates the mandible and the bony nasal septum How is the patient’s head positioned for the SMV position Hyperextend neck and rest vertex of head on vertical grid device How is the MSP for the SMV projection positioned in reference to the IR How is the IOML for the SMV projection positioned in reference to the IR How is the CR for the SMV projection Where does the CR enter for the SMV projection Enters through the Sella turcica (¾ inch anterior to level EAM) IOML positioned parallel to IR for the SMV projection (sufficient neck extension), indicated by: Superimposition of anterior frontal bone by mental protuberance What is evidence of insufficient neck extension on the SMV projection Mandible will superimpose ethmoid sinuses Correct positioning for the SMV projection is demonstrated by the mandibular condyles Anterior to the petrous pyramids Which sinus is located between the vertical plates of the frontal bone For a PA axial projection (caldwell) for the sinuses when using the vertical grid technique, position the patient’s OML at what degree angle with the horizontal CR Where is the CR for a PA axial projection (Caldwell) of the sinuses (both techniques) Where is the IR centered for a parietoacanthial (waters) and parietoacanthial (open mouth waters) for the sinuses What is the purpose of doing a long bone measurement To determine limb length discrepancy, which occurs primarily in children What are the different types of long bone measurement methods Radiography Microdose digital radiography US CR MRI What are the different radiographic methods of long bone measurements orthoroentgenogram Scanogram Teleoroentgenogram r/> What radiographic method of long bone measurement requires three precisely centered exposures at the hip, knee and ankle joints, a radiopaque ruler taped to the table between the limbs What radiographic method of long bone measurement requires a single upright AP exposure of both limbs on a special long IR at a SID of at least 6 feet What radiographic method of a long bone measurement is usually a hybrid of these traditional techniques What radiographic method of a long bone measurement has the patient standing upright, three exposures are obtained, centered at the hip, knee, and ankle joints What radiographic method of long bone measurement “stitches” the three images together for equally accurate measurements of the entire lower limbs with a lower radiation dose than the film/screen methods For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram What examination is recommended if a large discrepancy exists For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram What examination is accurate if the discrepancy is small For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram Where are the upper limb exposures made For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram Where are lower limb exposures made For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram What is the accuracy dependent on Patient remaining absolutely still through the procedure For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram what sides are examined for comparison For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram Where is the metal ruler placed Between the limbs, taped to the table What is the patient position For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram If imaging both sides simultaneously, immobilize ankles how many inches apart 5 to 6 inches (Knees fully extended, if possible. If not support knees at the same flexion) For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram The lower limb should be rotated how to place the limb in anatomic position For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram Upper limb Where is the shoulder marked Over superior margin of humeral head For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram Upper limb where is the elbow marked 1/2 to 3/4 inches below plane of epicondyles For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram Upper limb where is the wrist marked Between styloid processes For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram Lower limb where is the hip marked 1 to 1 1/4 inches laterodistally & at a right angle to a midpoint of the imaginary line between the ASIS and pubic symphysis For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram Lower limb Where is the knee marked At the depression between the femoral and tibial condyle’s, just below patellar apex For an orthoroentgenogram & scanogram Lower limb where is the ankled marked Directly below depression midway between malleoli What is the CR angulation for the AP axial projection of the TMJ?Mandible/TMJ's. How much is the CR angled for an AP axial projection of the mandible if the IOML is perpendicular to the IR?skull/facial bones/sinuses/mandible/. Where is the CR centered for an AP axial projection for the mandible?For an AP axial (Towne method) mandible projection, 1. the central ray is centered to the midsagittal plane at the level of the glabella.
Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the cranium quizlet?CR is centered to the zygoma for facial bones and 2 inches above the EAM for the cranium.
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What is the maximum Cr angulation used for the axial lateral oblique projection of the mandible?
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