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A sample of six clusters is to be taken from a population with N = 30 clusters and M = 600 elements. The following table shows values of $M_i$, $x_i$, and $a_i$ for each cluster in the sample. Cluster (i) $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ $M_i$ $\,\,\,\,\,$ $x_i$ $\,\,\,\,\,$ $a_i$ 1 $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ 35 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 3,500 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 3 2 $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ 15 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 965 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 0 3 $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ 12 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 960 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 1 4 $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ 23 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 2,070 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 4 5 $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ 20 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 1,100 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 3 6 $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ 25 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 1,805 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 2 Totals $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ 130 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 10,400 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 13 a. Develop point estimates of the population mean, total, and proportion. b. Develop an approximate 95\% confidence interval for the population mean. c. Develop an approximate 95\% confidence interval for the population total. d. Develop an approximate 95\% confidence interval for the population proportion.
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Terms in this set (129)
Which list presents Bowlby's phases in the correct developmental sequence?
A)
attachment-in-the-making, preattachment, clear-cut attachment, reciprocal relationships
B)
preattachment, reciprocal relationships, attachment-in-the-making, clear-cut attachment
C)
reciprocal relationships, attachment-in-the-making, preattachment, clear-cut
attachment
D)
preattachment, attachment-in-the-making, clear-cut attachment, reciprocal relationships
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Terms in this set (96)
On average, at what age does most babies touch their own noses when they see their reflection?
18 months
The western value of independence is clearly exhibited in
Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt
In the Strange situation, a sign of secure attachment is
smiling at his mother when she returns to the room
When a baby searches the faces of her parents to see how to respond an unfamiliar is called
social referencing
Developmentalists have demonstrated that social learning takes place
throughout life
A child's typical activity during the oral stage is
sucking on a pacifier
When playing with their children, mothers are more likely than fathers to
play peek-a-boo
Maxwell has recently begun to display the emotion of anger. How old is Maxwell likely to be?
6 months
Type of learning that takes place by observing others
Social
Jessica does not notice when her father leaves the daycare and ignores him when he returns. Jessica's behavior is characteristic of
insecure-avoidant attachment
Sigmund Freud was a
psychoanalytic theorist
Crying and being unable to be comfortable when her mother returns is an example of
Insecure attachment
Experience produces connections between emotions and
neurons
In research on synchrony, mothers were instructed to interact with their infants by copying their facial expressions and then on cue to show no emotional reaction. this procedure is called
still face technique
When baby Lia met her uncle's dog, she cried and tried to move away from the dog. Lia is most likely
9 months
An infants anger is usually triggered by
Frustration
According to the cognitive theory, infants use their early relationships to develop a set of assumptions that become a frame of reference for later in life. Such a set of assumptions is called
working model
Lawrence is playing with his infant daughter Rosalie. He responds to her facial expressions by mimicking and exaggerating the same expressions. Suddenly Lawrence stops showing any emotion. How is Rosalie likely to respond?
frown, fuss, droop or look away
The autonomy versus shame and doubt crisis involves the child
asserting control over his or her own actions
Josie is 15 months old. Her parents are happy in their marriage and financially stable. Most likely Josie's attachment will be
secure
An infant's distress at seeing an unfamiliar person is called
stranger wariness
Emotional reactions, especially those connected to self-awareness, depend in part on
memory
Four month old Sylvia and 13 month old Lizzy are left with a babysitter. How will they react?
Lizzy will probably show more distress than Sylvia
Center-based daycare is common in countries such as France, Israel, and China where it is
heavily subsidized by the government
Jerome clings to his mother and refuses to leave her lap. Jerome is exhibiting
insecure-resistant/ambivalent
Geoffrey enjoys spending time with his 1 year old son. Compared to his wife, Geoffrey's interaction with their son is likely to be
more active than playful
Which behavior develops around 6 weeks of age?
the social smile
With social awareness comes several new emotions including
pride, shame, embarrassment and guilt
In Erikson's theory, the infants earliest task is described as that of
learning trust or mistrust
Which theorist stated "Failure to bring up a happychild falls squarely upon the parents shoulder's"
Watson
Freud's stage that takes place in the second year is called the
anal stage
Which is NOT an essential characteristic of high quality daycare
a ratio of one adult to three infants
Which psychologist developed the Strange Situation test?
Ainsworth
A parent and a toddler meet someone who makes the parent nervous. The toddler will probably
act anxious
Andrew and Laura want to enhance their synchrony with their 6 month old son. They can best do this by
imitating his vocal and facial expressions
Vivian is less than a day old. Which of the following emotions is already apparent?
pain
A sign of secure attachment is when a child
maintains contact with the caregiver while exploring
In the United States, about 20% of infants are cared for by their _______ throughout their first year of life
mothers
When Laurel gave birth, her mother moved in with the young family to help care for the newborn. This sort of care giving by someone other than the baby's parents is called
allocare
A toddler with secure attachment is willing to
explore
The crucial aspect of synchrony is
mutual interaction
Recent research has indicated that once an infant has become securely attached to an adult, they are likely to be
a securely attached child
Huan is in which of Eriksons stage?
autonomy versus shame and doubt
Which scenario portrays a secure attachment?
a child willing to explore a new environment in the presence of the care giver
George gives his dad a wide smile, and his dad responds with an exaggerated surprise look. This is an example of
synchrony
Margarita and Roberto are warm, nurturing parents who hold their baby often. They are exbiting
proximal parenting
Baby Abby is smiling at her dad then slaps him. Because this is typical behavior for her, she may have which type of attachment?
disorganized
Which statement is correct?
An 11 month old girl may show anxiety when her mother goes into another room
Eric's mother left him for a few mins. When she returned, Eric climbed into her lap and the resumed playing. Eric is probably a _______ attached child
securely
The first crisis of life, according to Erikson is
trust versus mistrust
The lasting emotional bond that an infant forms with a care giver is called
attachment
Proximity seeking and contact maintaining behaviors are displays of
attachment
Which of the following emotions is the last to develop in an infant
pride
A child fixated in the oral stage may become an adult who
talks excessively
When a baby acts upset because a care giver is about to leave, the baby is exhibiting
separation anxiety
One clear difference between father infant and mother infant interactions is the
babies laugh and smile more with their fathers
Shaunquelle is an adult who requires regularity in all aspects of her life. Shaunquelle appears to be fixated at the _______ stage
anal
The Strange Situation measures how a child
responds to separation and reunion with a care giver
Allocare refers to children being cared for by
people other than their biological parents
Abed looks to his mother who is smiling at her brother and crawls to him. Abed is demonstrating
social referencing
When playing with their children fathers are more likely than mothers to
engage in physical play
The emotions of shame, pride and embarrassment require that a child first
gain an awareness of other people
Based on research, attachment appears to be
universal
If a child successfully resolves Erikson's first stage, they can be expected to
explore their world
At 6 weeks of age, baby Jessica's newest emotional reaction is MOST likely to be
a social smile
How do people become "fixated" in a Freudian stage?
Their normal development urges are frustrated
Malcolm's yellow blanker would be considered a
transitional object
Worldwide, only about 15% of infants receive daily care from
a paid, trained, nonrelative care giver
Compared with mothers, fathers are more likely to make their infants
laugh
A toddler in Freuds anal stage would also be at Eriksons
autonomy versus shame and doubt stage
Close father infant relationships can teach infants appropriate expressions of emotions, particularly
anger
Which statement about emotional development in toddlers is true?
Emotions such as pride and humility depend on sultural values
According to traditional behaviorism personality is
molded by one's parents
According to psycholanalytic theory, the child's prime focus of pleasure in the first year of life is the
mouth
Dr. Berkowitz is doing research using the Strange Situation in order to measure a child's
attachment
Erikson's second stage of development is called
autonomy versus shame and doubt
Which emotion seems to depend on the development of social awareness?
pride
According to Erikson's theory, what holds true for most toddlers?
they want to gain a sense of control over their own bodies
9 month old Taran explores new environments when his mother is present but shows distress when she leaves the room. Taran's behavior illustrates a _______ attachment
secure
Which characteristic must be present before an infant can experience pride, shame, or guilt?
social awareness
Freud would attribute an adult's overeating to problems during which childhood development stage?
oral
Child care that is provided a person other than the parents is called
allocare
Synchrony depends on
responsiveness and timiing
Usually stranger wariness is first noticeable at ___ months
9
Freud claimed that during the anal stage, infants find pleasure in
stimulating and controlling the bowels
When Ranee falls and hurts herself, she cries and runs to her father. Rather than comforting Renee, her father offers her a toy to distract her. Her father is probably
distal parent
Lin is a 3 month old infant. Which of the following is he likely to have just recently begun displaying?
laughter
Another term for self rule is
autonomy
The coordinated interaction between care giver and infant is called
synchrony
According to Erikson, failure to develop autonomy over one's own actions is most closely identified with
shame and doubt
Research has found that a person's temperament is
linked to biological patterns that appear in infancy
Genji participated in a research study when he was an infant during which the researcher restrained his arms for two minutes. Which emotion did Genji likely experience?
anger
A child with secure attachment is one who makes contact with
care giver after the care giver reenters the room
Based on the experience of the Romanian children who were institutionalized during the late twentieth century, what might be concluded about attachment?
A person's attachment style starts to be set up by about 6 months of age, but is not complete
Attachment in infants is definitely evident by the age of
1 year
A working model according to cognitive theory can be
reorganized
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