One characteristic of a profession is that it represents a specialized body of knowledge. Which nursing activity best reflects this characteristic?
Formulating nursing diagnosis for each client
What has been a major influence in moving nursing to a professional status?
Which characteristic of a profession has traditionally been associated with nursing?
How are the nursing process and the planned change process similar?
Both follow the same systematic process, with the first step being assessment
Which action best demonstrates how a nurse should follow the appropriate channels of communication when reporting unsafe healthcare practices?
A physician’s questionable diagnosis to the nurse manager
What was the primary purpose for the development of the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) taxonomy?
To develop a standardized language for nursing treatments to be used in practice, education and research
What is the major advantage of team nursing model for the delivery of nursing care?
It facilitates the use of ancillary staff to provide effective care.
Which is an advantage of primary nursing
The autonomy of the nurse is increased
Which action reflects that the nurse is a member of a discipline?
Tells the patient the nurse’s name.
A healthcare agency decides that all nurses must become certified in CPR. How can nurses implement this change?
Participate in establishing appropriate guidelines for training and practice in CPR
Which statement describes a primary characteristic of a profession, as it exists in nursing?
Nurses are capable of autonomous decision making
(Theory in nursing exists to expand nursing’s knowledge base)
What is the principle criticism of functional nursing?
Pt care is fragmented (In functional nursing, the pt will have different personnel interacting with them and no one nurse has the complete picture of the pt)
(Duties change so they will not be doing the same thing every day)
(There is opportunity to develop new skills)
a dissatisfaction with functional nursing after WWII
Team nursing is based on philosophy in which groups of professional and non-professional personnel work together to identify, plan, implement and evaluate comprehensive client-centered care.
The key concept is a group that works together toward a common goal, providing qualitative comprehensive nursing care
A unit nurse believes that there are too few staff members to adequately attend all patients. What action should the nurse take first to initiate changes?
Discuss the matter with the nursing supervisor.
What best describes an autonomous profession?
Legal authority to set its own standards
Which nursing practice environment will best promote a positive self-concept in the beginning professional nurse?
Allows freedom to assume increasing responsibility
Which activity by the charge nurse demonstrates the most effective use of self in time management?
Determine priorities and delegate activities to staff nurses
Why does the American Nurses Association (ANA) approve the use if collective bargaining as a method for influencing nursing practices?
A means to advance the economic and general welfare of nurses
How is team-nursing best described?
Directed by a professional nurse
providing individualized nursing care to pts The nurse directs the care of the patients to health care providers based on pt need and healthcare provider abilities
What is the goal of case management in nursing?
To provide clients with necessary, cost effective
In which situation would case management be the most appropriate type of nursing care delivery?
Several health care professionals are providing services to patient
Which nursing activity illustrates a cost contaminant measure aimed at improving pt care?
Coordinating pt care using critical pathways that are based on expected outcomes
Which concept best reflects the position of the Pew Health Professions Commission (1995) and the role of the associate degree nurse?
Role clarification
The specifically recommends that the role of the ADNs be different from the BSN
Why must the nurse follow an agency’s policies and procedures?
Considered standards of practice
A nurse who is licensed in one state moves to another state. Which is the nurse’s best source of information to determine to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAPs) in the new state?
A nurse who is new graduate has been the recipient of repeated sarcastic remarks by a nurse who is experienced. Which conflict management technique should the nurse use in responding to the experienced nurse?
advancing the quality of nursing education
Which nursing action would be most characteristic of a patient advocate?
Assisting the pt to obtain info to make a decision
Which best describes the differentiated practice model of delivery of nursing care?
According to their education and level of expertise
Which is the best definition of the Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC) System?
A list of indicators that suggest the change in a pt’s condition (labels pt outcomes and indicators of the pt’s condition)
A nurse coordinates care services, including acute care and home care, for a patient with a chronic illness. This situation is an example of which pattern of nursing care delivery?
The nurse manger observes an increase in incident reports related to pt falls on the unit. Which is the manager’s best approach to solving this problem?
For a team of a nurse, nurse’s aide, a housekeeper and a physical therapist to investigate the problem
Over the last 2 decades, the public has grown increasing distrustful toward individuals, like nurses, who provide essential services. What shows that the profession of nursing has been responsive to the public?
Consumer presence on professional boards of nursing
A relationship with which individual would best enable the novice nurse to model personal behaviors and become socialized into the professional role?
Which function best illustrates the role of the nurse as manger of care?
Delegates appropriate aspects of care to other health team members
Which action reflects the educational competencies of the associate degree nurse?
Provides direct patient care across the health care continuum
A nurse manager who is in charge of a medical-surg unit allows the RN to determine staffing schedule for the unit with the stipulation that adequate coverage must be provided on all shifts. Which management style is this?
Which of the following is a creative decision-making approach that generates multiple alternative choices?
An authoritarian manager would....
make out the schedule without input from the staff and present it to them
What best defines collective bargaining for nurses?
A negotiation process between nurse employees and management
allows group to function on its own least effective in promoting group goals
allows group to function on its own least effective in promoting group goals
permissive Leadership/ Laissez-faire
when little or no direction or guidance is provided, is at the other extreme and provides the least structure and control.
An associate degree nurse who is a member of a nursing team observes a change in a patient’s condition. Whom should the nurse inform first?
In differentiated nursing practice, which activity can be carried out by BSN nurses but not ADNs nurses? BSN nurses
Develop educational programs for pts in the community
During a cardiac arrest in an intensive care unit, the change nurse instructs one RN to take over the care of two pts, another RN to assist with the intubation, and a third RN to draw up medications for the physician. Which management style is the charge nurse exhibiting?
Which nursing action would be most characteristic of a client advocate?
Develop educational programs for pts in the community
Assessing a client’s need for information to make a decision
would associate reward or punishment with performance of the assigned duties
What is the responsibility of the nurse who is assigned to an adequate staffed unit?
Report the situation to the nurse’s supervisor
would involve the other members of the care team in decision-making
Which best defines critical pathways?
Multidisciplinary treatment plans with a timeline to achieve goals
would share decision making with one or more associates, but not submit the choices to the entire team
Individualized Nursing Care Plans
Nursing diagnoses unique to a particular client. Reflects the independent component of nursing practice, and therefore best demonstrate the nurse's critical thinking and clinical expertise. May contain standardized single problem care plans.
Which approach should the nurse use when planning assignments for a nursing team?
Assignments should be based on pt needs and the expertise of the personnel
What was Mildred Montage’s reason for suggesting the development of associate degree nursing programs?
To relieve the shortage of RN after WII
Which major principle underlying primary nursing?
The nurse giving the care directly (In primary nursing the nurse functions autonomously giving pt care directly
• Graduate Bellevue Training School New York, 1883 • Advocate for student nurses • Cut student work day to 10 hours • 1 st President of American Nurses Association • One of founders supporters of American Journal of Nursing
How is a record audit used to evaluate nursing care?
Nursing documentation is compared to established standards
1st modern nurse to define nursing. she wrote, "the unique function of the nurse is to assist he individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death).
Which nurse theorist is associated with the conceptof human caring?
is known for the self-care model of nursing
* Practice of activities that individual initiates and performs on their own behalf in maintaining life, health, and well being
* Is a human ability which is “the ability for engaging in care”- conditioned by age developmental state, life experience socicultural orientation health and available resources
The nurse providing care on a unit using functional nursing would carry out which activity?
Administer medications to all pts
1. Visionary Leader & Pioneer
2. Develop a highly abstract theory
of science unitary human beings
"Nursing is a learned profession, a science and a art"
3. unitary human beings," who cannot be divided into parts, but have to be looked at as a whole.
The first organized schools of nursing in the US were developed following which war?
Civil War (The serious needs for trained nurses created by CW was the significant factor in the development of schools)
Which example best illustrates nursing practice associated with the leading health indicators of Healthy People 2010?
Teaches adolescents about responsible sexual behavior
was the supplier of large numbers of nurses to meet the national need. In order to meet the demand for long-term supply, the Army School of Nursing was organized in 1918
How is the National Organization for the Advancement of Associate Degree Nursing (NOAADN) unique among nursing organizations?
It focuses exclusively on one level of nursing education
National and international organization, government bodies, and the public?
ANA (American Nursing Associations)
Why are the Pew Health Professions Commission recommendations on the adequacy and supply of nurses considered irrelevant today?
There is a shortage of nurses in specialized technical areas and geographic regions
During WWII, evolved into a commissioned service. Funding provided for education and uniforms for training was less than adequate for the battlefield nursing
- American nurse, Birth Control Movement
- Coined the phrase "birth control" was arrested for it.
- Founded the Birth Control League- 1917.
The National League for Nursing (NLN)
was formed in 1952 to foster the development and improvement of nursing service and education
Which of the following most accurately reflects the purpose of the Brown Report 1948?
To analyze the changing needs of nursing as aprofession
The International Council of Nurses
is a federation of national nurses’ associations. Its member association’s work together to improve the standards of nursing, promote development of strong national nurses’ associations, and serve as the authoritative voice for nurses worldwide
on Nursing and Nursing Education in the US(1923) focused on the educational prep of students. It pointed out fundamental faults in hospital training schools including the length of the workday for nursing students.
Which concept is associated with Florence Nightingale nursing philosophy?
Environment (and sanitation)
Community College Education for Nursing
report written by Montage and Gotkin evaluated the effectiveness of
associate degree nursing
Sister Callista Roy and Myra Levine are associated with
the concept of adaption ( model sees the an individual as a set of interrelated systems (biological, psychological and social))
Imogene King is associated with
the concept of open systems
Which services did the Deaconesses?
Visiting the homebound sick
Whichis the most important recommendation of Nursing for the Future (Brown Report 1948)?
A college or university education for nurses (They recommended that nursing move away from the system of apprenticeship and toward a planned program of education)
The National League for Nursing
was the body that recommended that federal dollars be spent to allow improvement of associate degree program
hired by the Vermont Marble Company in 1895 to care for workers and their families; considered the first industrial nurse.
was the first Superintendent of Women Nurses for Women for all military hospitals during the Civil War
was the first Nurse to provide family health care to rural populations
was a leader and activist in the development of nursing thru education. She founded the John Hopkins School of Nursing and became its first professor
to assist the client in gaining INDEPENDENCE as rapidly as possible. independence is the measure of well being
- "14 basic needs"
- basic nursing involved 14 activities: physiological, spirtual, and sociological
- said to pay attention to the person and listen!
-1633 established -poor women trained to serve the poor orphans and victims of war, in hospitals, and galley prisoners -"To give oneself to God in order to serve Him in the person of the poor" -simple, temporary vows therefore never an order
Mother of Psychiatric nursing
-The essence of healing is in the interpersonal relationship
-4 Phases
of Nurse-Pt relationship (orientation, identification, exploration, resolution)
What is the basic responsibility assumed by the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC)?
Validating the quality of nursing education programs
Which factor influenced the development of associate degree nursing programs?
a nurse who practiced midwivery in England, Australia, and New Zealand; founded the Frontier Nursing Service in Kentucky in 1925 to provide family-centered primary health care to rural populations
The National League was formed to
foster the development and improvement of all nursing services and education
What best describes continuing nursing education as a condition of license renewal?
Continuing nursing education requirements are mandated by law
With what accomplishment has Florence Nightingale been credited?
Influencing reform in nursing education, (She raised the status of nursing thru education. Nurses were no longer untrained housekeepers but people educated in the care of those who were sick)
Which of the following agencies consists of both nursing and non-nursing individuals and agencies whose objective is to foster the development and improvement of all services and education for nurses?
National League for Nursing
Anne Goodrich recommended
that nurse training schools be set up in each military hospital which lead to the Army Nursing School
Which organization did not pass any resolutions related to the American Nurses’ Association’s (ANA) A Position Paper on Educational Preparation for Nurse Practioners and Assistants for Nurses?
National League for Nursing - promote the continuous development of faculty as educator-scholars
* Advocate for resources to support nursing education research
* Develop, design, and advance research initiatives that have broad-based significance, promote evidence-based teaching practices, are critical to decision making at institutional and national levels, and serve to transform nursing education.
In 1991 the American Nurses Association developed
standards of clinical nursing profession
The National Council of State Boards ofNursing (NCSBN)
addressed the ANA position paper and voted to take a formal position of neutrality on changes in nursing education requirement for entry
In what way did the Pew Health Professions Commission reports affect health care professionals?
Decreasing the number of health care professionals including nurses
The National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN)
voted to support increasing the period of study in the practical nurse program to 18 mths and to support awarding an associate degree at the completion of the program of study
How can health care providers best meet the challenge of Healthy People 2010 in the area of environmental health protection?
Promote healthy lifestyles
The National Students Nurses’ Association (NSNA)
was the first organization to support the ANA position paper
What is the mission of the National League for Nursing?
To promote health and the quality of health care by supporting effective nursing education and practice
How does theory development benefit nursing?
Makes it possible to base practice on science
American Nurses Association’s mission is to
improve health care by ensuring high standards of nursing and promoting the professional development of nurses
What breach of contract is committed by a nurse who fails to report the abuse of controlled substance by another nurse?
Misdemeanor (failure to report is an fraction of criminal law)
large testing service to help prepare students for the NCLEX
How can the nurse encourage members of historically underrepresented groups to donate organs?
Provide education and informational materials on benefits of organ donations
According to A Patient’s Bill of Rights, what is the meaning of informed consent for surgery?
The dr is responsible for telling the pt the pt for surgery
(Informed consent for surgery means that the dr must provide the plan for surgery, the details of the surgery, and possible complications. The dr must also provide alternative methods of treatment with their associated benefits, consequences, and complications)
A patient is admitted to the emergency department with a laceration over the eyebrow. The medical intern is preparing to suture the injury without informing the pt about the treatment. What should the nurse do?
Ask to speak to the intern in private and discuss the pt’s right to know
Which statement best describes the American Nurses Association ANA Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice?
They provide criteria for evaluating the quality of nursing care
are used to compare nursing care to established clinical standards and benchmarks
Which ethical theory argues that if an act produces a good outcome then the act itself is good?
Utilitarianism (Deontology is based on moral rules and unchanging principles)
Which of the following describes the process of values clarification
People identify values examine them and develop their own individual style
Which best describes the goal of nursing in Virginia Henderson’s theory of nursing?
To care and help the pt attain independence for self-care
A physician writes a medication order but the nurse cannot determine whether the order states “bid” or “tid”. What if the first action the nurse should take?
Contact the physician to seek clarification
Florence Nightingale’s theory
facilitate the body’s reparative processes by altering the pt’s environment
Which action by the nurse is psychologic alabuse? The nurse
Threatens to insert a Nasogastric feeding tube when the pt refuses to eat
Nationwide implementation of which of the following would limit nurses’ autonomy over their clinical practice?
Institutional licensure - would limit nurses’ autonomy over their clinical practice, because licensure would vary from institution to institution
* The 1965 ANA position paper deals with the educational prep of nurses
* ANA 1985 resolution (ethical issues)
Which nursing action may be considered criminal behavior? The nurse
Changes a pt’s written medication order
* Failure to raise the side rails of a confused pt is an omission that may constitute negligence
* Alters a written entry in a pt’s chart .......may provide the basis for civil or disciplinary action
to collaborate with other health care workers in assisting the pt to attain a max state of wellness
What is the legal implication of the doctrine of respondent superior?
It holds the employer responsible
(to promote the ability to affect health in a positive way)
A pt is burned as a result of a heat lamp treatment. The nurse who administered the treatment is found by a court of law to be liable for the harm caused to the pt. Which is the most likely consequence for the nurse?
The nurse’s license to practice may be revoked
What is the purpose of state practice acts?
To legally define the range of nursing practice
What is the primary function of a state’s nurse practice act?
It defines the parameters of professional nursing
What is the advantage of using specific nursing theories for research and practice rather than using theories from nonnursing professions?
Nursing theory is necessary the continued development of the discipline
in which situation is the nurse adhering tolegal guidelines for documentation?
Charts the pt’s response after the pt receives apain medication
What impact do sunset laws have on the practice ofnursing?
Changes in the nurse practice act to ensure correlation with current practice
What is the purpose of the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses (2001)?
To provide a method of professional self-regulation
Assisted suicide is a factor involving which end-of-life issue?
Active euthanasia
(Passive is deliberately withholding or withdrawing measures that would sustain a pt’s life)
Which ethical theory is based on the premise“The end justifies the means”?
Utilitarianism- it focuses on consequences of an action rather than on the nature of the action
The nurse mistakenly administers the wrong meds to a pt who suffers no ill effects from the medication error. If the pt files a lawsuit for negligence, which is the most likely legal action?
The nurse will not be held liable-
* Negligence requires four elements: duty, breach of duty, proximate cause, and harm
Which activity best reflects a nurse’s adherence to the American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice?
Refers a discharged pt to the appropriate support group
An attorney who is reviewing past malpractice cases that have been ruled on in court is studying which type of legal issue?
Common Law (another name for case law refers to cases that have been ruled on in court)
Which is an element of a valid employment contract?
The nurse gives a pt the wrong oral med. Which actions should the nurse take first?
Notify the pt’s physician and complete an incident report
Which has had the greatest impact on nursing home administration?
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act OBRA
What is the nursing profession’s greatest responsibility to the public?
To attain and maintain the highest possible standards of practice
Nurses in a hospital are using a scale developedby nurse researchers to identify pts who are at risk for developing pressure ulcers. Which pt outcome demonstrates how use of nursing research can lead to effective pt care?
Fewer pts will develop pressure ulcers
the duty or responsibility that has been established by statutory, regulatory or case law, that a person or institution has to or towards another
Which was the first state to allow only it own associate graduates to take nursing licensure examinations?
the basis for which malpractice cases are ruled on in court
An attorney tells the nurse that the court has issued an order to reveal the prognosis of a pt under the nurse’s care. How should the nurse respond?
Refer the attorney to the hospital administration
The nurse discovers an employee fondling and kissing a pt. What action should the nurse take?
Dismiss the employee from the room and notify the shift supervisor
Which is an appropriate action by an institution’s ethics committee?
Provides a forum in which divers views can be expressed
Which organization maintains that a nurse should not participate in assisted suicide?
American Nurses Association ANA