Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed? Q2Psyche is a Greek word meaning ________.
Q3Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ________.
Q4In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) ________.
Critical Thinking QuestionsQ5Why do you think psychology courses like this one are often requirements of so many different programs of study? Q6Why do you think many people might be skeptical about psychology being a science? Personal Application QuestionQ7Why are you taking this course? What do you hope to learn about during this course? SolutionS5Psychology courses deal with a number of issues that are helpful in a variety of settings. The text made mention of the types of skills as well as the knowledge base with which students of psychology become familiar. As mentioned in the link to learning, psychology is often helpful/valued in fields in which interacting with others is a major part of the job. S6One goal of psychology is the study of the mind. Science cannot directly study the mind, because it is not a form of matter or energy. This might create some skepticism about the scientific nature of psychology. 1.2: History of PsychologyReview QuestionsQ1Based on your reading, which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components.
Q2________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs.
Q3Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.
Q4The operant conditioning chamber (aka ________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning.
Critical Thinking QuestionsQ5How did the object of study in psychology change over the history of the field since the \(19^{th}\) century? Q6In part, what aspect of psychology was the behaviorist approach to psychology a reaction to? Personal Application QuestionsQ7Freud is probably one of the most well-known historical figures in psychology. Where have you encountered references to Freud or his ideas about the role that the unconscious mind plays in determining conscious behavior? SolutionS5In its early days, psychology could be defined as the scientific study of mind or mental processes. Over time, psychology began to shift more towards the scientific study of behavior. However, as the cognitive revolution took hold, psychology once again began to focus on mental processes as necessary to the understanding of behavior. S6Behaviorists studied objectively observable behavior partly in reaction to the psychologists of the mind who were studying things that were not directly observable. 1.3: Contemporary PsychologyReview QuestionsQ1A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.
Q2An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ________.
Q3In Milgram’s controversial study on obedience, nearly ________ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure.
Q4A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.
Critical Thinking QuestionsQ5Given the incredible diversity among the various areas of psychology that were described in this section, how do they all fit together? Q6What are the potential ethical concerns associated with Milgram’s research on obedience? Personal Application QuestionQ7Now that you’ve been briefly introduced to some of the major areas within psychology, which are you most interested in learning more about? Why? SolutionS5Although the different perspectives all operate on different levels of analyses, have different foci of interests, and different methodological approaches, all of these areas share a focus on understanding and/or correcting patterns of thought and/or behavior. S6Many people have questioned how ethical this particular research was. Although no one was actually harmed in Milgram’s study, many people have questioned how the knowledge that you would be willing to inflict incredible pain and/or death to another person, simply because someone in authority told you to do so, would affect someone’s self-concept and psychological health. Furthermore, the degree to which deception was used in this particular study raises a few eyebrows.
1.4: Careers in PsychologyReview QuestionsQ1If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a \(4\)-year college, then s/he would probably need a ________ degree in psychology.
Q2The ________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills.
Q3Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?
Q4One would need at least a(n) ________ degree to serve as a school psychologist.
Critical Thinking QuestionsQ5Why is an undergraduate education in psychology so helpful in a number of different lines of work? Q6Other than a potentially greater salary, what would be the reasons an individual would continue on to get a graduate degree in psychology? Personal Application QuestionWhich of the career options described in this section is most appealing to you? SolutionS5An undergraduate education in psychology hones critical thinking skills. These skills are useful in many different work settings. S6The graduate degree would be a stronger guarantee of working in a psychology-related field and one would have greater control over the specialty of that work. It would allow one to practice in a clinical setting. In general, it would allow someone to work in a more independent or supervisory capacity. Contributors and Attributions
Who defined psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior?Behaviorism. the school of psychology, founded by John Watson, that defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior.
Why is Wilhelm Wundt considered the first psychological researcher?Wilhelm Wundt opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879. This was the first laboratory dedicated to psychology, and its opening is usually thought of as the beginning of modern psychology. Indeed, Wundt is often regarded as the father of psychology.
Which is the most popular definition of psychology as a science?Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, according to the American Psychological Association.
Which psychologist are most likely to be involved in basic research?Psychologists interested in social behavior often undertake basic research. Social/community psychologists engaging in basic research are not trying to solve particular problems; rather, they want to learn more about why humans act the way they do.
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