Review Quiz for Unit 4 - Growing Cities and Immigration Show Directions: Take this short quiz on your own or with your class.  1. Which of these would be the BEST title for this graphic organizer? a. The Results of Mechanization a. New York City 3. When we talk about immigrants who passed through Ellis Island in the late 1800s and early 1900s, how many people are we talking about? a. tens of thousands c. around one or two million d. over ten million 4. Most of the immigrants coming into the U.S. in the 1800s and early 1900s arrived from a. South America. a. They were welcomed by almost everyone, and there was only rarely any bad feelings or discrimination against them. They found very few
problems starting a new life in America. 6. Many immigrants and other Americans at that time lived in tenement buildings. All of these describe tenements EXCEPT a. they were divided into many small apartments. c. they were often badly overcrowded. d. they were usually one or two stories tall. 7. Settlement houses were started in many cities by a. v olunteers who wanted to help immigrants improve their lives.b. church leaders to provide places for the homeless to sleep. c. bankers to provide loans to new immigrants. d. city leaders as safe places to settle neighborhood disputes. a. The
Little House on the Prairie a. money from neighborhood groups 10. Political machines and settlement houses had very different goals, but one thing they had in common was that a. they accepted bribes. Copyright 2010, 2019 by David Burns TENEMENTSTENEMENTS. The New York City Tenement House Act of 1867 defined a tenement as any rented or leased dwelling that housed more than three independent families. Tenements were first built to house the waves of immigrants that arrived in the United States during the 1840s and 1850s, and they represented the primary form of urban working-class housing until the New Deal. A typical tenement building was from five to six stories high, with four apartments on each floor. To maximize the number of renters, builders wasted little space. Early tenements might occupy as much as 90 percent of their lots, leaving little room behind the building for privies and water pumps and little ventilation, light, or privacy inside the tenement. With a large extended family and regular boarders to help pay the rent, which could otherwise eat up over half of a family's income, a tenement apartment might house as many as from ten to twelve people at a time. These tenement residents often also worked in the building in such occupations as cigar rolling and garment making. From the beginning, reformers attacked tenement conditions. In New York City, early attempts at reform included fire-prevention measures, the creation of a Department of Survey and Inspection of Buildings in 1862, and the founding of the Metropolitan Board of Health in 1866. Meanwhile, city tenements were getting increasingly crowded: by 1864, approximately 480,400 of New York City's more than 700,000 residents lived in some 15,300 tenement buildings. New York State passed a Tenement House Law on 14 May 1867, the nation's first comprehensive housing reform law. It established the first standards for minimum room size, ventilation, and sanitation. It required fire escapes and at least one toilet or privy (usually outside) for every twenty inhabitants. However, enforcement was lax. An 1879 amendment to the 1867 legislation required more open space on a building lot and stipulated that all tenement rooms open onto a street, rear yard, or air shaft. The measure was designed to increase ventilation and fight diseases, such as tuberculosis, that ravaged tenement neighborhoods. To meet the standards of the 1879 law, builders designed the "dumbbell tenement" with narrow airshafts on each side to create a dumbbell-like shape from above. Despite slightly better fireproofing and ventilation, reformers attacked these buildings as only a limited improvement on existing conditions. In 1890, Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives rallied middle-class reformers to the cause of improving tenement life. His photos and essays drew attention to the health and housing problems of tenement neighborhoods. The most significant New York State law to improve deteriorating tenement conditions was the Tenement Act of 1901, promoted by a design competition and exhibition held by the Charity Organization Society in 1900. By that time, the city's Lower East Side was home to the most densely populated buildings on earth. The neighborhood's Tenth Ward had a population of 69,944, approximately 665 people per acre. The 1901 legislation, opposed by the real estate industry on the grounds that it would discourage new construction, improved tenement buildings. The law mandated better lighting and fireproofing. Most important, it required that privies be replaced with indoor toilet facilities connected to the city sewers, with one toilet for every two apartments. Beginning in the New Deal era, reformers' strategies changed. Drawing on a tradition of "model tenements" and new government interest in housing construction, reformers designed public housing projects. Their plans emphasized open space, much as an earlier generation had passed laws to provide more light and fresh air for urban working-class families. The imposed standards, however, often created new problems. Building closures and slum clearance displaced many working-class families, while new high-rise public housing often fell victim to segregation and neglect. Although reformers continued to attack working-class living conditions, social pressures sustained many of the problems of poverty and overcrowding. BIBLIOGRAPHYBauman, John F., Roger Biles, and Kristin M. Szylvian. From Tenements to the Taylor Homes: In Search of an Urban Housing Policy in Twentieth-Century America. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000. Day, Jared N. Urban Castles: Tenement Housing and Landlord Activism in New York City, 1890–1943. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. Ford, James. Slums and Housing, with Special Reference to New York City: History, Conditions, Policy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1936. Hall, Peter. Cities of Tomorrow: An Intellectual History of Urban Planning and Design in the Twentieth Century. New York: Blackwell, 1988. Lower East Side Tenement Museum. Home page at http://www.tenement.org. Plunz, Richard. A History of Housing in New York City. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990. Riis, Jacob. How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York. New York: Scribners, 1890. MarkLadov See alsoPoverty; Public Health; Urbanizationandvol. 9:In the Slums . What was a common problem in tenement buildings in the early 1900s?Cramped, poorly lit, under ventilated, and usually without indoor plumbing, the tenements were hotbeds of vermin and disease, and were frequently swept by cholera, typhus, and tuberculosis.
Which of the following was a common problem in tenement building?Known as tenements, these narrow, low-rise apartment buildings–many of them concentrated in the city's Lower East Side neighborhood–were all too often cramped, poorly lit and lacked indoor plumbing and proper ventilation.
Why were the conditions of tenements a concern to many?Tenement buildings were constructed with cheap materials, had little or no indoor plumbing and lacked proper ventilation. These cramped and often unsafe quarters left many vulnerable to rapidly spreading illnesses and disasters like fires.
What were tenements in history?A tenement is a type of building shared by multiple dwellings, typically with flats or apartments on each floor and with shared entrance stairway access. They are common on the British Isles, particularly in Scotland.
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Which of the following was a common problem in the tenement buildings in the early?
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