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Terms in this set (119)
The scientific study of aging is known as ______________.
gerontolgy
At what point in the human life cycle does the greatest number of deaths occur?
in infancy and early adulthood
In the United States today, the average 65-year-old man will live to be how old?
83
In the United States today, the average 65-year-old woman will live to be how old?
85
Which of the following is true regarding the life expectancies of African Americans and White Americans by age 75?
Their life expectancies will be essentially equivalent.
What is the fastest-growing segment of the population in the United States today?
Oldest old subgroup
Which of the following statements is true?
By 2050 it is estimated that the over-100 population will triple.
What is the single largest factor that determines the trajectory of an adult's physical or mental status beyond age 65?
health
Why will every industrialized nation in the world face a demographic crisis in the near future?
There will be fewer young and middle-aged workers to provide for the financial well-being of the elderly.
What does your text point out as a major factor in determining the overall well-being of older adults, even if they have a chronic disease?
Optimism
Ninety-year-old Mrs. Gonzalez is no longer able to manage tasks such as bathing or using the toilet by herself. A gerontologist most likely would determine that Mrs. Gonzalez needs help with which of the following?
Only her activities of daily living
Which of the following terms applies to intellectually demanding tasks such as managing finances and paying bills?
Instrumental activities of daily living
Which of the following is correct about the relationship between disability and activity among older adults in the United States?
Nearly all those over age 85 report significant difficulty performing basic daily activities.
Which of the following terms applies to older adults whose physical and/or mental impairments are so extensive that they cannot care for themselves?
Frail elderly
Older individuals who have which of the following are two to three times more likely to experience functional disability than elders who do not?
Arthritis and hypertension
Which of the following chronic conditions is more common in men over 65 than women over 65?
Heart disease
Which of the following is true regarding heredity and longevity and health?
Of those whose parents died before 78, 40% had a chronic illness at age 65.
Which of the following seems to be even more important in older age as a contributor to longevity and good health?
Exercise
Which activity seems to be the most important health habit in old age?
Calorie restriction
Which of the following is a change that occurs in the brain during the adult years?
a reduction of brain weight.
Which of the following has been linked to minimized atrophy of the cerebral cortex of the brain?
Education
What is the most likely cause of slower reaction time for everyday tasks and activities for an older individual?
Dendritic loss and slowing of synaptic speed
Which of the following terms refers to the redundancy in the nervous system that enables neural pathways to move from one set of neurons to another?
Synaptic plasticity
Which of the following is correct regarding vision in late adulthood?
The pupil does not widen or narrow as much or as quickly, which causes problems in adapting to variations in light and glare.
Macular degeneration is most likely to occur in __________.
late adulthood
Which of the following is a typical hearing difficulty experienced by older adults?
Difficulties in word discrimination
Grandpa Ezra complains that he frequently hears ringing or buzzing sounds in his ears. What is Ezra experiencing?
Tinnitus
Auditory problems typically are experienced
by more men than women.
Which of the following is likely to be true of older adults who are experiencing hearing loss?
They may be perceived as disoriented or forgetful.
Which of the following is an obstacle to good hearing among the elderly?
Increased production of ear wax, blocking the ear canals.
If you were to serve a loaf of freshly-baked cinnamon bread to a group of older individuals, which of the following comments would you be most likely to hear?
I can't smell a thing, dear.
Which of the following sensations results from decreased production of saliva?
Wooly mouth
About how long is the maximum human lifespan?
110-120 years
What is the Hayflick limit for human embryo cells?
50
The genetically programmed time limit for cell replication to which each species is theoretically bound is called
the Hayflick limit.
What is the name of the string of repetitive DNA at the tip of each chromosome in the body?
Telomere
Which of the following is the name of the theory which says that aging is a result of species-specific genes?
Programmed senescence theory
Research on the cellular processes involving free radicals suggests that it may be beneficial to eat less of which of the following?
Fat and food additives such as preservatives
What effect do free radicals have on the body?
They enter into potentially harmful chemical reactions which cause irreparable cell damage.
Which of the following is a benefit of foods that are high in antioxidants?
Lower rates of heart disease
Which of the following suggests that all adults retain excellent function until their physical and mental functioning plummets in the few years before death?
The terminal drop hypothesis
What is the biggest single behavioral effect of age-related physical change in late adulthood?
A general slowing down
Which of the following would be less affected by the general slowing down that older adults experience?
Being a generally optimistic person
Which of the following is statistically true of older drivers?
They have more accidents per miles driven than younger drivers.
Your text suggests that burns are more common in late adulthood than earlier, why?
Loss of sensitivity to heat and a slower reaction time lead to increases in accidental burns.
How are sleep patterns typically affected by age?
Older adults must nap more during the day in order to accumulate the sleep they need.
Mr. Garrett often overeats, complaining that he feels hungry all the time. His doctor has suggested that this problem is due to a malfunction in the sensation associated with blood sugar levels known as
satiety.
What is the most serious consequence stemming from the loss of balance among older adults?
An increase in falls
Which of the following activities would most likely help an older person sustain their sense of balance?
Tai Chi
What does your text suggest about older women's sexual behavior?
They are more sexually adventurous and willing to experiment.
Which of the following is likely to affect sexual activity in older age?
Medications
Which of the following is a neurological disorder that includes problems with memory and thinking that affect an individual's emotional, social, and physical functioning?
Dementia
Which of the following are a group of neurological disorders that involve memory and thinking -- affecting social, emotional and physical functioning?
The dementias
Which of the following is the BEST definition of Alzheimer's disease?
A severe form of dementia for which the cause is unknown
What effect does Alzheimer's disease have on the eating habits of its sufferers?
Disruption of normal satiety mechanisms
In the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, you can expect the individual to show a
propensity toward repetitive conversation.
Which of the following is definitively diagnostic of Alzheimer's disease?
The presence of neurofibrillatory tangles in the brain
Which of the following is a common cause of dementia?
Multiple blows to the head
Which of the following is true regarding the incidence of Alzheimer's disease among people of African descent?
The disease is less prevalent in Africa, but in the United States African Americans exhibit higher rates than White Americans.
Which of the following is true regarding the risk factors for depression and dysthymia among the elderly?
Elders living in poverty are at a higher risk for depression than others.
Which of the following does research indicate to be the strongest predictor of depression among older adults?
Poor health
How are the length of time in the U.S., English language skills, and depression correlated among elderly Chinese and Mexican immigrants?
They are negatively correlated.
Some researchers suggest that African Americans have lower rates of depression than white Americans because African Americans are especially likely to utilize which of the following when dealing with emotional difficulties?
Their religious faith and their church
Which of the following is a likely reason that elderly men have higher rates of completed suicide than elderly women?
Men in declining health view themselves as a burden.
What is the most effective treatment for depression in older adults?
A combination of psychotherapy and antidepressant medication
The largest impairments in memory typically appear after what age?
85
What is currently the most widely accepted explanation for declines in memory among older adults?
Loss of speed in central nervous system processes related to information-processing and memory function
Which of the following is a cognitive characteristic that includes knowledge and its application to problem solving?
Wisdom
Which of the following is NOT one of Baltes's criteria for defining wisdom?
Understanding of mortality
Seventy-year-old Maybell enjoys making quilts for her family. Specifically she likes to make quilts that represent some aspect of the family's history. In which of Cohen's phases is Maybell?
The summing-up phase
In 2006 how long has the world's longest married couple been together
83 years
How did Erikson characterized the developmental task of late adulthood
Ego integrity versus despair
Which of the following is the best example of Ericsson despair
When Mr Trump offers advice to his family he says don't make the same mistake I did I wish I could live my life over
Adult adult reminisce about their life which of the following describes the judgments they make about their past behavior
Life review
According to research what is the most common effect of activity upon later life
Greater life satisfaction and morale
When you contact a retired neighbor to ask if she is interested in participating in a charity fundraiser she tells you that she is no longer interested and activities such as this and she is content to do as little as possible since she retired your neighbors perspective is most consistent with which of the following views of aging
Disengagement
Generals tend to be least rigid in old age this is reflective of which of the following aspects of disengagement theory
Increased individuality
According to disengagement theory which of the following is the tendency of people to interact with fewer and fewer people and still fewer and fewer rules
Shrinkage of life space
According to research in the United States and Japan which factor might help individuals to recover from a health crisis such as stroke or a fracture
Adopting recovery goals proposed by rehabilitation specialist
Which of the following describes the components of successful aging that involves a willingness to learn new things
Cognitive adventurousness
Which of the following individuals is more likely to turn to religion for comfort in these times of stress
African American grandmother who is 83 years old
Which of the following is the best definition for spirituality
A tendency to focus on aspects of life which transcend one's physical existence
An independent living community is one in which all residents are
Over a certain age
Which of the following is for the elderly adults who need more assistance that is available at an independent living community but are not in need of constant supervision
Assisted living
Which of the following represents the normal expectation for a man in late adulthood
That he will live with a spouse or intimate partner until he dies
According to current estimates approximately what percentage of the US elderly are physically abused
3%
Which of the following individuals is more likely to remarry after the death of a spouse
Robert age 69 who has a modest retirement income
Which of the following best summarizes the research findings regarding older adults relationships with their children
Healthy relationships with their children contribute to happiness and well-being but are not necessary for it
About 65% of the elderly in the United States live _______ of at least one of their children
Within about an hour
Which of the following represents a comment is found in the research regarding social networks and older adults
The research tends to focus more on the frequency of contact than the quality of the relationships
Which of the following is likely to retire earliest
An individual in poor health
Who is likely to retire latest
An individual whose work is challenging and interesting
What is the largest source of income for most elderly adults in the United States
Public assistance
Research suggests that those who respond most poorly to retirement are those who
Had the least control over the process
How old are adults typically evaluated by management in the workplace
As being more reliable than younger employees
How do Belgium the Netherlands and the state of Oregon differ from Switzerland in their practice of assisted suicide
In Belgium the Netherlands and the state of Oregon a person must be a resident of that country or state to have access to assisted suicide
Which form of death has occurred in circumstances where there is no electrical activity in the brain and the person no longer has reflexes or response to various external stimuli
Brain death
Wind area stop breathing his eyes were still open then close his eyes and pulled the bed sheet over his head these activities mark which of the following
Social death
Which of the following is an approach to caring for the terminally in that focuses on individual and family control over the process of dying
Hospice care
In the United States and other industrialized countries where do most adults die
In A hospital
In which country did hospice care originate
England
Which type of care focuses on relieving a terminally ill patients pain rather than curing the illness
Palliative
And which type of hospice programs are family caregivers supported by specially trained healthcare workers
Home based
According to research which of the following attitudes was commonly reported by the loved ones of a terminally ill patient who chose a home-based hospice program
They reported feeling a greater sense of burden
which of the following most accurately characterizes what a child younger than 5 years of age would understand or believe about death
The death is reversible
A child understanding of the permanence of death correlates with which stage of Piaget's Theory
Concrete operations
Which of the following contributes to adolescent suicidal behavior
Unrealistic ideas about personal death
For most adults which of the following is the most significant meaning of death
Loss
When faced with impending death which of the following groups was most likely want to spend time with loved ones
Mexican Americans
According to research who would be least afraid to die
75 year old Mr Jackson
Who does research suggests would be most afraid to die
45 year old Mrs Green
According to Kubler-Ross what is the purpose of reactions such as denial or bargaining
These responses are defense mechanism that aid the person in coping with the reality of impending death
Which of the following are two major criticisms of kubler-ross's Theory of dying
Humping her methodology and her claim that these processes are culturally universal
What is thanatology
The scientific study of death and dying
Which of the following concepts did Freud believed to be most useful for coping with death and grief
Defense mechanisms
While Bowlby suggest that the first stage of grief is numbness Sanders suggest that it is which of the following
Shock
Los Angeles suggest at the final stage of grief is healing and renewal Bowlby believes it is
Reorganization
Which of the following is not a pattern of grieving identified by Wortman and silver
Committed
Which of the following does research suggests is the most difficult death to recover from
Death of a spouse
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