Topic Resources Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is ventilatory assistance without an invasive artificial airway. It is delivered to a spontaneously breathing patient via a tight-fitting mask that covers the nose or both the nose and mouth. Because the airway is unprotected, aspiration is possible, so
patients must have adequate alertness and airway protective reflexes. NPPV can be given as Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) Bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP), which is triggered by the patient’s respirations With CPAP, constant pressure is maintained throughout the respiratory cycle with no additional inspiratory support. When using BPAP, the physician sets both the expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP, which is the physiologic equivalent of CPAP and positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP]) and, additionally, the inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP).
The optimal patient is alert and cooperative and has minimal airway secretions. In the outpatient setting, Absolute contraindications
Copyright © 2022 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. All rights reserved. Which of the following is a possible complication of positive pressure ventilation?Barotrauma — Pulmonary barotrauma is a well-known complication of positive pressure ventilation. Consequences include pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumoperitoneum.
What is a possible complication of PPV?Among the potential adverse physiologic effects of positive-pressure ventilation are decreased cardiac output, unintended respiratory alkalosis, increased intracranial pressure, gastric distension, and impairment of hepatic and renal function.
Which of the following occurs during positive pressure ventilation?With positive pressure ventilation, the intrathoracic pressure increases during inspiration causing a decrease in venous return, right ventricular output, and pulmonary blood flow.
Which of the following are possible complications of mechanical ventilation?What are the risks of mechanical ventilation? The main risk of mechanical ventilation is an infection, as the artificial airway (breathing tube) may allow germs to enter the lung. This risk of infection increases the longer mechanical ventilation is needed and is highest around two weeks.
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