6. Social loafing is MOST likely to occur amongA. Audience members who are asked to applaud after a speaker is introducedB. Factory workers paid on the basis of individual level of productivityC. A group of runners competing for first place in a raceD. Students who are each assigned a different topic for their course term papers Show
7. By providing prospective terrorists with electronic chat rooms for interfacing online withothers who share their attitudes, the Internet most likely serves as a medium for Get answer to your question and much more 8. Which of the following comments is most likely to be made by the leader of a groupcharacterized by groupthink? Get answer to your question and much more 9. One analysis revealed that pitchers were more likely to hit batters when the previous batterhad hit a home run. This best illustrates Get answer to your question and much more 10. After the participants in the Milgram obedience studies were informed of the deception andthe real intent of the study, virtually none of them regretted taking part in the study. The lack ofregret was most likely because of their reducedA. GroupthinkB. Cognitive dissonanceC. Mood linkageD. Deindividuation 11. After they had first agreed to display a 3-inch “Be a Safe Driver” sign, California homeowners were highly likely to permit the installation of a very large and unattractive “DriveCarefully” sign in their front yards. This best illustrates Get answer to your question and much more All AP Psychology ResourcesThe reduction of a sense of responsibility when individuals are in a group is called __________. Possible Answers: psychodynamic displacement the bystander effect diffusion of responsibility selective attention Correct answer: diffusion of responsibility Explanation: Members of a group will often feel less inclined to do something about a situation; the larger the group, the less an individual will feel a sense of responsibility to take charge. This is called a "diffusion of responsibility" and is thought to be responsible for the "bystander effect", which describes the unwillingness to offer help if others are present and are also not offering help. The distinction is small, but important. Milgram's famous shock experiment demanded obedience from its participants and demonstrated the existence of what psychological phenomena? Possible Answers: The power of peer pressure The power of reinforcement The power of motivation The power of social learning The power of authority Correct answer: The power of authority Explanation: Even though many participants felt that they were causing a great deal of pain to the person that they were shocking, they continued to use higher voltage simply because the test administrater told them to. This experiment demonstrated the power that presumed authority has over people's actions and decisions. Which two factors are most closely related to the bystander effect? Possible Answers: Diffusion of responsibility and social influence Diffusion of responsibility and in-group bias Conformity and obedience Persuasion and obedience In-group bias and social influence Correct answer: Diffusion of responsibility and social influence Explanation: The bystander effect suggests that the more people who witness someone in distress, the less likely someone is to intervene. Diffusion of responsibility refers to the phenomenon such that when there are multiple people present, each individual feels less of a responsibility for the situation. Social influence refers to the effect that seeing other people not acting causes you to be less likely to act. Which term describes the tendency for groups to make more extreme decisions than individuals? Possible Answers: Conformity Group harmonization Group polarization Groupthink Prejudice Correct answer: Group polarization Explanation: Group polarization occurs when a group makes a more extreme decision than its individual members would have made if acting on their own. Which of the following traits is NOT typical of people attracted to cults? Possible Answers: Loneliness Romantic ideas of utopia Belief in human perfection Frustration with their current lives Fear of change Correct answer: Fear of change Explanation: Because joining a cult often requires a dramatic shift in one's behavior and philosophies, people who are reluctant to disrupt their own status quo are less likely to join a cult, no matter how enticing their recruiters' promises may be. Which of the following factors will inhibit a person's desire to act altruistically? Possible Answers: Fear of exposing self to potential injury All of these will inhibit altruistic behavior. Apathy Ambiguity in a situation Fear of exposing self to humiliation Correct answer: All of these will inhibit altruistic behavior. Explanation: Each factor listed introduces the possibility of harm to a potential actor, be it a minor inconvenience or a greater physical threat, making them more reluctant to aid someone else. An act of aggression that is designed to meet some end goal is an example of which phenomenon? Possible Answers: Hostile aggression Self-serving bias Selfishness Instrumental aggression Confirmation bias Correct answer: Instrumental aggression Explanation: Instrumental aggression is an act of aggression that is designed to meet a particular goal. This act could be made at the individual or societal level. A good example would be particular wars in which countries fought over food, water, or other resources needed or wanted to maintain their society. This is different from hostile aggression, which could be random with no specific cause or end goal. Which of the following factors is most likely to cause an individual to conform their opinion to match that of a group? Possible Answers: The group's view contradicts to the religious beliefs of the individual The individual has not yet voiced their opinions, though others have been given a chance to speak The topic in discussion bears personal meaning to the individual The presence of an authority figure, even if the authority figure does not give a personal opinion None of these Correct answer: The individual has not yet voiced their opinions, though others have been given a chance to speak Explanation: Solomon Asch is most well-known for his social psychology studies on conformity. Individuals are most likely to conform when they are in a group. Social normative refers to the influence other people have on an individual that leads to conformity, driven by a desire to fit in. If an individual has not yet voiced their opinions, they are also more likely to conform to a group's view. Outside influences such as these have a major impact on conformity. Which of the following does not increase deindividuation? Possible Answers: Diffused responsibility Being provided with identical uniforms Having personal ties to the victimized party Large group size Anonymity Correct answer: Having personal ties to the victimized party Explanation: Deindividuation is the process whereby individuals show a loss of restraint and individuality due to their being in a group. Having personal ties to a victimized party would decrease deindividuation, while all of the other answer choices facilitate "losing" oneself to a larger group identity. Which of the following examples describes social loafing? Possible Answers: After meeting with NRA executives, Jaymes decides to support every person's right to bear arms. Johnny tries harder on an individual project than he does on a group project. Joey refuses to engage in social activities that seem elementary to him. Jacquie refuses to change her mind to conform to group ideals. Judy tries very hard to impress her colleagues. Correct answer: Johnny tries harder on an individual project than he does on a group project. Explanation: Social loafing is a phenomenon whereby some people exert less effort when working in groups as opposed to when they are working individually. Obviously, the option describing Johnny doing exactly that is the best answer. All AP Psychology ResourcesWhich of the following is the best explanation of social loafing?Social loafing refers to the concept that people are prone to exert less effort when working collectively as part of a group compared to performing a task alone.
Which of the following is the best way to decrease social loafing?One of the key strategies to reduce the potential for social loafing is to create smaller groups or teams. Make it easier for team member's work to be seen and supported. Smaller groups also enable individuals to form relationships and build a cohesive unit – all attributes that encourage individuals to contribute.
Which of the following is an example of social facilitation?Which of the following is an example of social facilitation? People are more likely to work much harder in a group than when they are alone.
Which of the following is the best example of scapegoating?Which of the following is the best example of scapegoating? Ryan, who is a member of one racial group, does not get into the college he wants to attend. Even though his application was weak, he blames members of another racial group for his rejection.
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Which of the following individuals best demonstrates the concept of social loafing?
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