Learn more from African Timelines Part II: African Empires - 1st to 15th centuries Show
The Mali Empire was the second of these three great medieval empires, which united vast areas of West African forest, mountain, savanna, and desert, and a rich diversity of peoples, including cattle herders, farmers, fishermen, traders, and nomads. History and legend credit Sundjata Keita [aka: Sundjata, Son-Jara, Keyta, born c. C.E. 1210? – died 1255 or 1260?] with founding the Mali Empire in 1235. From the small state of Kangaba, Sundjata united heartland clans, challenged the dominant Soso peoples then ruling the Ghana Empire, and defeated Soso King Sumamuru Kante (aka: Sumanguru or Soumaoro Kant� ) at the Battle of Kirina in 1235. Under Sundjata and his successors, the Mali Empire was expanded from its center on the upper reaches of the S�n�gal and Niger rivers, reaching west to the Atlantic Ocean, south into the forest, east beyond the Niger River, and north to the salt and copper mines of the Sahara. Three independent, freely allied states (Mali, Mema, and Wagadou) and 12 garrisoned provinces comprised the Mali Empire confederation, an enviable model of statecraft at its height. The Mali Empire surpassed the earlier Ghana Empire in wealth and influence by controlling not only the trade but also the mining of gold, and Mali kings reserved the right to dispense justice and monopolize trade. While Islam was officially adopted as the state religion of the Mali Empire, traditional African religious practices and spiritual beliefs continued in strength.
Mande (aka: Manding) Peoples of Western Africa (crossing modern geo-political boundaries of Mali, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, north Cote d’Ivoire, north Liberia, south Mauritania)speak closely related languages and share a common history and cultural heritage, after more than 2,000 years of contact and co-existence. Their shared traditions are bound by a proud history, and if the medieval Mali Empire and its exceptional hero Sundjata Keita remain stars of past glories, it is largely because of the ceaseless storytelling over the centuries of griots--oral historians, bards, and praise-singers of the Mande peoples. The story of Sundjata Keita is most cherished by Mande peoples, and most often repeated, in endless variations, by Mande griots, past and present. Learn more about West African Peoples & Countries
"I am the wild yam of the rocks," boasted Soumaoro, "Nothing will make me leave Mali." Sundjata replied, "I have in my camp seven master smiths who will shatter the rocks. Then, yam, I will eat you." The verbal jousting continued. Soumaoro said, "I am the poisonous mushroom that makes the fearless vomit." And Sundjata replied, "I am the ravenous cock. The poison does not matter to me." "Behave yourself, little boy, or you will burn your foot, for I am the red-hot cinder." "But me, I am the rain that extinguishes the cinder; I am the boisterous torrent that will carry you off." "I am the mighty silk cotton tree that looks from on high on the tops of other trees." "And I, I am the strangling creeper that climbs to the top of the forest creeper."
**Post Script**
Plot summary above was adapted from Banning Eyre/World Music Productions' synopsis What is a Griot? [French term pronounced GREE-oh]
-- The World of the Mande: History, Art and Ritual in the Mande Culture, and Caste Systems in Mande Society
Excerpts from Sundjata Oral Epic
Recommended Web Sources: West African Music & Cultures From THE CORA CONNECTION ["Kora" and "Cora" are alternative spellings]: "Your link to the rich Music Traditions of West Africa" (David Gilden & Banning Eyre, 1999): http://www.coraconnection.com/
Works Cited
COCC Home > Cora Agatucci Home > Classes > HUM 211 Home > HUM 211 Course Pack > Epic of Sundjata You are here: Epic of Sundjata Copyright � 1997 - 2010, Cora Agatucci, Professor of English What is the Writers purpose in telling these details about Sundiata?Which of the following best describes the most likely purpose of telling these details about Sundiata? To persuade listeners that his rule over the Mali Empire was justified.
What development most aided the growth in the labor supply needed for the increasing production of porcelain and other manufactured goods?What development most aided the growth in the labor supply necessary for the increasing production of porcelain and other manufactured goods? D. The development of a fast-growing variety of rice known as champagne increased food production and led to food surpluses throughout China.
Which king transformed Mali into a great empire quizlet?Mansa Musa returned from his hajj determined to make Mali a great Muslim empire. Rebuilding Timbuktu: Mansa Musa began the transformation of Timbuktu.
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