Abstract Applying social contract theory to business ethics is a relatively new idea, and perhaps nobody has pursued this direction better than Thomas Donaldson and Thomas W. Dunfee. Their "Integrative Social Contracts Theory" manages to combine culturally sensitive decision making capacities with trans-cultural norms by setting up a layered system of social contracts. Lurking behind their work is a concern with the problems of relativism. They hope to alleviate these problems by introducing three concepts important to the ISCT: "authentic norms," which clarify culturally specific norms, "priority rules," which determine the rules of engagement when authentic norms clash, and "hypernorms," which measure the value of authentic norms against a thin set of universally upheld values. This paper traces the genealogy of these hypernorms and challenges their value for the ISCT. It argues that well-conceived priority rules can do everything hypernorms can, and can do so more simply. Show
Journal Information The Journal of Business Ethics publishes original articles from a wide variety of methodological and disciplinary perspectives concerning ethical issues related to business. Since its initiation in 1980, the editors have encouraged the broadest possible scope. The term 'business' is understood in a wide sense to include all systems involved in the exchange of goods and services, while 'ethics' is circumscribed as all human action aimed at securing a good life. Systems of production, consumption, marketing, advertising, social and economic accounting, labour relations, public relations and organisational behaviour are analysed from a moral viewpoint. The style and level of dialogue involve all who are interested in business ethics – the business community, universities, government agencies and consumer groups. Speculative philosophy as well as reports of empirical research are welcomed. In order to promote a dialogue between the various interested groups as much as possible, papers are presented in a style relatively free of specialist jargon. Publisher Information Springer is one of the leading international scientific publishing companies, publishing over 1,200 journals and more than 3,000 new books annually, covering a wide range of subjects including biomedicine and the life sciences, clinical medicine, physics, engineering, mathematics, computer sciences, and economics. Rights & Usage This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Which of the following statements about corporate culture is true? Company culture can be a powerful mechanism for communicating the degree to which a company is committed to its values differences in which of the following cause variations in ethical standards across cultures -religious beliefs The concept of corporate ____ is based on the idea that a corporation should balance the interest of all its stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, customers, and the local community. Environmental sustainability strategies consist of deliberate and focused actions to conduct businesses in a fashion that does which of the following? -protects natural resources and ecological support systems -guards against practices that will ultimately endanger the planet Short-termism at a company can do which of the following? -undermine activities that promote long term success -weaken the company's brand A Corporate social responsibility strategy can be defined as the combination of socially responsible endeavors a company elects to pursue Which of the following have been cited as reasons why a company has a moral obligation to act in a manner that benefits all stakeholders -civic-mindedness Examining which of the following are ways to determine whether a company is actually guided by its official code of ethics? -the extent to which daily operations follow the code of ethics -whether the company adheres to the code of ethics when crafting strategy Cultural pressure at a company to hit goals at all costs -can cause even honorable employees to behave unethically -creates an environment in which workers have license to pursue any profitable strategy they can get away with -virtually ensures that unethical employees will minimize the importance of observing ethical standards s in the united states, publicly traded companies must have an official code of ethics or explain why they do not have one in the united states, publicly traded companies must have an official code of ethics or explain why they do not have one Ethical strategies are good business because they are likely to -sustain the reputation of the company -win the approval of suppliers, employees, and investors Sustainable business practices can be defined as those practices that are capable of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future Which of the following are actions a company should take according to integrative social contracts theory -Adhere to local values and customs that define the boundaries of ethical behavior -Uphold a small number of universal ethical principles that are applicable in all situations In a world of ethical relativism there are few absolutes for judging the conduct of a company in various markets Which of the following statements is true concerning the thinking that the business of business is business not eithics? - that type of thinking has been apparent in a number business scaldals covered in the media -the type of thinking is dangerous it increases the likelihood that a company will adopt unethical strategies A cultural norm at a company can be understood as -the generally accepted methods of doing business on a day to day basis Which of the following statements about corporate social responsibility (CSR) are true? -CSR strategies are often linked to a company's core values -corporate citizenship is a term commonly used to describe CSR initiatives -Many firms organize their CSR strategies around theme that are consistent with their production or market strategies Business managers who are not deeply committed to ethical principles may nether less act ethically because they -Wish to avoid scandal and disciplinary action -hope to prevent their staff from thinking negatively of them recognize the risks associated with unethical srategies Which set of standards takes precedence in integrative social contracts theory? Some people have argued that there is an implied social contract between a business and the members of society, according to which of the following -the members of society agree not to unreasonably restrain a business's pursuit of fair profit -a business has a amoral responsibility to promote the general welfare and avoid doing harm Ethical business strategies -typically rise from managers Adherents of the concepts of ethical relativism believe that -given actions are ethically right or wrong depending on the ethical norms of the country in which they take place -holding a common template for judging the ethics of business actions everywhere is ethically problematic which of the following have been cited as reaason's why a company has a moral obligation to act in a manner the benefits all stakeholders -Civic-mindedness Senior executives can take steps to ensure that a company abides by its code of ethics by asking if there is anything in a proposed action that the SEC might consider which of the following practices increase the likelihood that a company will pursue unethical business strategies? -faulty oversight of daily business practices -putting pressure on company managers to meet short term targets The environmental sustainability strategies of ford and green mountain coffee roasters have shown that a significant number of consumers will buy a company's products in part to encourage environmentally sustainable business practices Companies whose success depends on sustaining high morale and most are likely to pursue CSR strategies that create a culture in the workplace that inspires dedication Which of the following are losses from pursing unethical strategies that are difficult to measure? the dissatisfaction of employees with a demand company reputation Which of the following practices at the company Enron likely promoted unethical behavior among employees? -encouraging employees to operate outside of company policy to raise revenues -pursuing an aggressive performance evaluation process that led to dismissal if employees who did not bring enough revenue -celebrating the wealth of high performing employees to motivate other employees to match the star teams work results the possible consequences of a companys missing a financial target include -decreased stock prices In some cultures, the practices of bring customs officials and paying kickbacks to customers have been justified on the grounds that are similar to tipping a server in a restaurant Which of the following statements best describes the clorox companys corporate social agenda the company has linked its corporate social agenda with actions that support philanthropy and improve the quality of life. which of the following examples illustrates how socially responsible policies can save a company money in other areas? - a company offering insurance benefits to a full time and part time employees and having lower rates of employee turnover -a company investing in a program that helped employees quit smoking and saving millions in health care costs A company that is committed to environmental sustainability strategies can enhancer revenues by -Adding energy-saving products to its line of core products -finding ways to sell rather than dispose of the by products of manufacturing Which of the following are indicators used to help rank companies in the dow jones sustainability world index for socially conscious investors -corporate governance Examples of unbelievers sustainable business practices include -showing overseas suppliers farming methods that reduce the use of pesticides and maximize annual yields -tracking agricultural indicators in the food processing division of the corporation The global reporting initiative has created a standard framework for comparing company efforts toward achieving corporate social responsibility Companies that cross ethical boundaries to meet short-term goals are likely to continue to take unethical steps to meet requirements A crisis in the residential real estate market was caused in part by which of the following strategies by some banks and mortgage companies -disguising the nature of the loans and repacking them for sale to investors which of the following examples show how a commitment to environmental sustainability strategies can offer opportunites for a company to develop new products or increase salses of existing products? -General electric expanded sales of wind turbines -nissan and chevy created electric cars Which of the following stratements about the consequences of pursuing unethical business strategies is true? the more serious the ethical offense the more costly the damage self-dealing refers to instances when managers use their position to promote their own private interests rather than the interests of the firm Companies that place the little importance onoperating in a socially responsible manner may be vulnerable to criticism from pressure groups whose tactics include -promoting product boycotts Unilevers repackaging of product in order to use less plastic has helped the company reduce the amount of waste that accumulates in landfills Tighter oversight of banks and mortgage companies resulted from which of the following ? - a court settlement that included mechanisms for monitoring lending institutions -a lawsuit initiated by the attorneys general of almost every state Companies with a reputation for social responsibility and sustainable business practices -enhance their ability to retain employees An Environmental sustainability strategy can enhance a companys competitive advantage by promoting the companys reputation among environmentally conscious customers Corporate social responsibility programs commonly include actions that -sustain the environment Which of the following are strengths of the concept of ethical universalism -the concept of ethical universalism helps multinational companies set ethical standards that apply to all personnel -ethical universalism draws from the ethical views and traditions of numerous societies and cultures Although many people would agree that child labor is lamentable, others have noted that which of the following are true? -labor opportunities for children are preferable to a life of begging, drug trafficking, or prostitution -many poor families throughout the world required financial contributions from their children in order to survive When activist groups criticized nike for the working condition's in the asian factories that produced nike footwear, company chairman phil knight began to monitor working conditions in the factories that made nike products Which of the following should take the lead in ensuring that a company's strategic initiatives are in line with the companys code of ethics research has shown a link between product-boycott announcements and which of the following are losses from pursuing unethical business strategies that are difficult to measure? the dissatisfaction of employees with a damaged company reputation which of the following are considered tabgible, monetary costs of pursuing enethical business strategies? - fees for ethics training of personnel Which of the following measures is most likely to reduce he practice of self dealing a company? establishing an independent broad to hold managers accountable for their actions Integrative social contracts theory gives managers clear guidance when considering differences in ethical standards among countries Damage to a companys reputation that results from unethical behavior can -make creditors hesitant to loan funds to the company -encourage employees to leave the company -create challenges for recruiting talented staff in the future Social activist in industrialized countries who focus on the issue of child labor claim that corporations should not obtain products form foreign suppliers that use underage workers allows for a single set of standards In some countries it is common to pay bribes to government officials in order to accomplish which of the following? -win a government contract Which of the following describes Integrative social contracts Theory quizlet?Which of the following describes integrative social contracts theory? It sits between ethical relativism and ethical universalism. The parts of the company code of ethics that are based on universal ethical norms must be enforced worldwide.
What is the basic theme of Integrative social contracts Theory?Integrated social contracts theory, universal ethical principles or norms based on the collective views of multiple cultures and societies combine to form a "social contract" that all individuals in all situations have a duty to observe.
What is meant by Integrated social contracts Theory What is its contribution to the debate about ethical standards?Integrated social contracts theory maintains that: adherence to universal ethical norms always takes precedence over local ethical norms. The strength of integrated social contracts theory is that it: accommodates the best parts of ethical universalism and ethical relativism.
What is the notion of social responsibility concerned with as it applies to businesses )?Key Takeaways. Social responsibility means that besides maximizing shareholder value, businesses should operate in a way that benefits society. Socially responsible companies should adopt policies that promote the well-being of society and the environment while lessening negative impacts on them.
|
Which of the following are actions a company should take according to Integrative Social Contracts Theory?
zusammenhängende Posts
Urheberrechte © © 2024 toptenid.com Inc.
