Rides a tricycle Show Gross motor developmental milestones for a 2-year-old include jumping in place, standing on tiptoes, kicking a ball, and running. At 3 years old, the child should be able to pedal a tricycle, run easily, and walk up and down the stairs with alternate feet. At 12 to 18 months of age, the child should be able to stand on one foot with help, walk independently, climb the stairs with assistance, and pull toys. Chapter 26: Growth and Development of the Toddler - Page 959 Difficulty w/ stairs, frequent falling, cannot build tower of more than 4 blocks, difficulty manipulating small objects, extreme difficulty in separation from caregiver, cannot copy a circle, does not engage in make belief play, cannot communicate in short phrases, does not understand simple instructions, little interest in other children, unclear speech, persistent drooling -Household items (bowls, utensils, pots, pans, cardboard boxes, tubes, old magazines, baskets, purses, hats) Mowing the lawn with a toy lawnmower Toddlers enjoy talking on a play telephone. They like pots, pans, and toys such as brooms, dishes, and lawnmowers that help them imitate the adults in their environment and promote socialization. Toys that involve the toddler's new gross motor skills, such as push-pull toys, rocking horses, large blocks, and balls are popular. Fine motor skills are developed by use of thick crayons, modeling clay, finger paints, wooden puzzles with large pieces, toys with pieces that fit into shaped holes, and cloth books. The toddler will not be interested in sharing toys until the later stage of toddlerhood; adults should not make an issue of sharing at this early stage. Chapter 26: Growth and Development of the Toddler - Page 967 Throwing tantrums Crying when the toddler's parent leaves for work Developing a sense that bad behavior is
punished Insisting on same book being read every morning During the toddler years, children change rapidly. Changes occur in physical growth, motor-skill development, and cognitive/social development. The rapid changes in motor skills and the toddler's inability to make judgements about the safety of actions place the toddler at risk for unintentional injury. The importance of safety regarding the most common injuries of the toddler period, including aspiration, burns, drowning, and falls, should be communicated to parents of toddlers. The toddler years are characterized by a struggle for autonomy as the child develops a sense of self separate from the parent. Nurses should help parents understand that toddler behaviors, which include negativism, ritualism, temper tantrums, and separation anxiety, are normal processes of toddler development. Parents should be given information to help cope with these behaviors appropriately. During the well-child checkup, the nurse's role is to be a child advocate by providing parents of toddlers with anticipatory guidance related to growth, safety, and common age-related concerns. Nurses should also listen to any concerns that parents have about the development of their toddler because parental concerns provide a reliable indicator of possible developmental delay.
Terms in this set (49)18-24 months Between which ages is voluntary control of the anal and urethral sphincters typically achieved? c. Imitates drawing a vertical line Which activity documented by the nurse describes the fine motor skills of a 2-year-old child? a. Throws a ball D, E Sphincter control in preparation for bowel and bladder control is usually achieved by 30 months of age. Primary dentition is usually completed by 30 months of age. The anterior fontanel closes between 12 and 18 months of age. Birth weight should have doubled at 5 to 6 months of age and quadrupled by 2½ years of age. Genital fondling is not a characteristic of physical development in this age group; this is part of the development of gender identity. Which characteristics of physical development are appropriate in a 30-month-old child? Select all that apply. a. Genital fondling is noted. a. They are fussy eaters Which description characterizes toddlers' eating behavior? a. They are fussy eaters. c. Influenced by the psychologic components of food At the age of 18 months, toddlers show signs of decreased appetite by being fussy eaters or having strong taste preferences. These children are influenced by the psychologic components of the food instead of taste. They are more interested in the pleasure of eating or the social aspect of mealtime. This phenomenon is called physiologic anorexia. The child may become unpredictable during mealtimes, but it does not mean that the child generally becomes unpredictable after 20 months. A consistent mealtime contributes to the child's need for ritualism and helps to reduce undesirable behavior at mealtimes. Which behavior is appropriate when describing a toddler's eating habits of eating a lot then nothing at all the next day or refusing a favorite food? a. Displaying symptoms of anorexia. b. Jumps in place with both feet At 18 months of age toddlers are expected to jump in place with both feet. Creeping up stairs occurs at 15 months of age. At 30 months of age most toddlers can stand on one foot momentarily. Kicking the ball forward without overbalancing is developmentally appropriate at 24 months of age. Which gross motor skill is developmentally appropriate for a toddler who is 18 months of age? a. Creeps up stairs b. Rapprochement Which term is appropriate when describing the phenomenon at work when a toddler separates from the mother and begins to make sense of experiences in the environment but is then drawn back to the mother for assistance in verbally articulating the meaning of these experiences? a. Gender identity b. Activities begin to produce purposeful results. Gross and fine motor mastery occurs with other activities that have a purpose, such as walking to a particular location or putting down one toy and picking up a new one. By 2 years of age children are able to walk up and down stairs without falling. Grasping small objects without being able to release them is characteristic of infancy. Interaction with the environment is essential for mastery of both fine and gross motor skills at this age and beyond. Which characteristic is appropriate for motor skills of a 24-month-old child? a. Walks alone but falls easily. d. Physiologic anorexia In physiologic anorexia, a normal phenomenon that occurs around 18 months of age, the toddler manifests a decreased nutritional need and diminished appetite. In ritualism, the toddler prefers to have the same food, cup, or spoon with every meal. In regression, the toddler retreats from the current level of function to a past level of behavior. Grazing is an eating pattern of nibbling or snacking throughout the day. Which condition describes when toddlers manifest a decreased nutritional need and a diminished appetite? a. Grazing c. 6 months of age or older Which child would need fluoride supplementation? a.
4 months of age a. Not talking to the child. Which parent action indicates a requirement for further learning from the nurse regarding temper tantrums? a. Not talking to the child. a. Iron Which nutrient's absorption is increased by vitamin C? a. Iron c. Developmental readiness of the child If the child is not ready developmentally, it would be frustrating for both the parent and the child during toilet training. Consistency in approach is important once toilet training has already started. A positive attitude from the primary caregivers is also important once the child is ready for toilet training. Developmental levels are different for every child, and comparison with peers is not appropriate. Which factor is appropriate to consider when starting toilet training in the toddler? a. Consistency in approach c. Parallel Children progress from solitary play during infancy to parallel play during toddlerhood. Tactile play is exploratory play in which the toddler uses water toys, finger paints, or other manipulative objects to play. Cooperative play is not characteristic of a toddler's play. Which type of play is characteristic of the toddler? a. Tactile a. Use car restraints even for short trips. Which recommendation is appropriate to provide to the parents of toddlers about car restraints? a. Use car restraints even for short trips. a. Reading books together Which activity is appropriate to improve the language skill of the child? a. Reading books together d. Placing of cough syrup in a child-proof container at a high level Which finding in the home should be addressed by the nurse? a.
Presence of a carbon monoxide detector A, D, E Which instructions would the nurse give parents during discharge following an accidental swallowing of a foreign body? Select all that apply. a. Cut fruits in small
pieces. b. Teach that genital stimulation in private is acceptable but not in public. Which nursing advice is appropriate regarding children that touch their genitalia in public? a. Do not allow children to play with genitalia in
public or private places. B. Iron deficiency Milk is a poor source of iron, and if the child drinks mostly milk, it may lead to iron deficiency. Rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency. Milk is a chief source of calcium and phosphorous. Amino acids are found in milk and milk products Which condition would the nurse be concerned for in the toddler that drinks milk and fruit juice and consumes little solid food? a. Rickets d. Store poisonous substances in a locked cabinet Which nursing instruction is appropriate when teaching parents of toddlers about how to prevent poisoning? a. Keep ipecac in the home. a. "This is a normal phenomenon at this age. Your child is fine." Most toddlers at 18 months of age have decreased nutritional needs, manifested as decreased appetite. This phenomenon is called physiologic anorexia. During this stage they become fussy eaters with strong taste preferences, and they may eat nothing one day and large amounts the next day. Therefore the parent should be informed that this is normal, and the child is fine. This phenomenon is not caused by medications. The parent should be reassured that the child has no health issues and does not require any treatment at a hospital. Which nursing response is appropriate for the parent of an 18-month-old child that eats nothing on some days and a lot on other days? a. "This is a normal phenomenon at this age. Your child is fine." b. Explaining to the parent that this is not harmful The rising carbon dioxide level restarts the breathing process when a child holds the breath; therefore the process is self-limiting and not harmful. A respiratory evaluation is not indicated for this toddler. Temper tantrums are part of this developmental stage as the toddler asserts independence; there are no data to indicate that this child is spoiled. A psychologic evaluation is not warranted. Which nursing action is appropriate when a 2-year-old child has been having temper tantrums, during which the child halts breathing and occasionally faints? a. Referring the child for a respiratory evaluation a. Lasting for 5 minutes is normal. Which statement is appropriate with regard to temper tantrums in toddlers? a. Lasting for 5 minutes is normal. b. Regression The child uses regression to reduce the stress that the child feels after the birth of the new infant. Regression is a retreat from a present pattern of functioning to past levels of behavior. It usually occurs in instances of stress, when one attempts to cope by reverting to patterns of behavior that were successful in earlier stages of development. The child is not neglected by the parents; instead the attention that the new infant receives may be considered by the older child as threatening. The child is not trying to accept the baby; instead the child is manifesting jealousy towards the baby. The child does not resent the baby, but does not like the new changes that are caused by the arrival of the infant. Which behavior is appropriate when describing a preschool-age child that after having a sibling born is using baby talk and wants a bottle? a. Neglect C, E Which developmental behaviors does an 18-month-old child possess? Select all that apply. a. Possessive of own toys b. The blanket is an important transitional object. Which explanation is appropriate for the toddler's attachment to a favorite blanket? a. It encourages immature behavior. a. Give the banana to the child later. A toddler may refuse to eat something when a previous food did not taste good. This type of reasoning is called transductive reasoning. In such situations the nurse should accept the response and offer the refused food at a later time. It is not necessary to inform the pediatrician at this stage. The nurse should never force-feed a child. Telling a toddler that a banana is different from pasta will not necessarily be helpful, because this sort of reasoning may not be understood by the child. Which nursing action is appropriate when a toddler refuses pasta because it does not taste good and when offered a banana immediately after, will not try it? a. Give the banana to the child
later. c. 24 months Domestic mimicry is observed in children who are 19 to 24 months old, which is the final stage of the sensorimotor stage. Children are aware of other people's actions, and they attempt to copy them at this sensorimotor stage. Children who are 13 to 15 months old are in the fifth sensorimotor stage. Domestic mimicry is not a behavior of children in this stage. Children who are 32 months old are in the preoperational phase; in this stage, increased use of language and mental symbolization is observed. Which age is the behavior of domestic mimicry appropriate? a. 13 months c. Giving a bottle of milk or juice at naptime or bedtime predisposes the child to this syndrome. Sweet liquids, or the sugars in milk and even breast milk, pooling in a toddler's mouth during sleep increase the incidence of early childhood caries. Changes in the positioning of the teeth may result from pacifier use or thumb sucking and are not related to bottle-mouth caries. Frequent breastfeeding before sleep can cause bottle-mouth caries, because breast milk does contain lactose, which is present in higher concentrations than in cow's milk-based formula. Juice, which contains varying concentrations of sugar in bottles, contributes to bottle-mouth caries when a child is allowed to have a bottle of it before sleep. Which information about early childhood caries is appropriate for parents? a. This syndrome can be completely prevented by breastfeeding. c. "Make up a game to encourage the child to use the potty." Which nursing advice is appropriate when addressing a 26-month-old child that refuses to use the potty? a. "Force the child to sit on the potty for 30
minutes." b. Firstborn Firstborn children experience dethronement and therefore tend to have the most pronounced sibling rivalry. Second born children do not have the most pronounced sibling rivalry. Middle children do not experience as difficult a time with sibling rivalry as firstborn children. Firstborn children, rather than youngest children, have more pronounced sibling rivalry. Which place in the birth order are feelings of sibling rivalry most pronounced? a. Middle a, b, c, d, e Which nursing instruction is appropriate when teaching parents about injury prevention at the toddler's well-child visit? Select all that apply. a. Put matches out of reach. c. Early childhood caries Prolonged bottle-feeding may cause a type of tooth decay called early childhood caries, which mostly affects the upper incisors and molars. Delayed language development is caused by other factors, such as exposure to television constantly before the age of 24 months or other cognitive impairments. The child is at risk for iron deficiency if the child does not consume iron-enriched foods. Sleep problems are due to factors such as fears, awareness of separation, or heavy meals before bedtime. Which condition is the 18-month-old child at risk for when prolonging bottle-feeding? a. Iron deficiency b. Obesity Which condition is the 3-year-old at risk for when offered food as a reward? a. Rickets b. These drinks can cause stains or pits in the teeth. Parents should be cautioned that regular use of fluoridated water or beverages such as bottled water containing fluoride can result in staining or pitting of the child's teeth. Fluoridated water is not toxic to children. Regular use of fluoridated water is not recommended for toddlers. Supplementation based on fluoride concentration of water supply less than 0.3 ppm (parts per million) is 0.25 mg for a child 6 months to 3 years of age and 0.5 mg for a child 3 to 6 years of age, according to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Which information would the nurse give to parents of toddlers about the regular use of fluoridated water or beverages that contain fluoride? a. All fluoridated water is toxic to children. c. Use a transitional object at bedtime. Transitional objects may help ease the toddler's anxiety and facilitate sleep. A consistent set of bedtime rituals will facilitate a toddler's sleep. Toddlers should engage in stimulating physical activity during the day to help them sleep at night. Toddlers do not understand verbal explanations, so parents cannot explain away their fears. Which nursing advice is appropriate for the parents of a toddler with sleep problems? a. Vary the bedtime ritual. b. Placing the car seat in the back seat of the car, facing forward Car seats are required for toddlers to prevent injury in case of a motor vehicle accident. The car seat should be placed in the back seat, facing forward. A seat belt can cause injuries if it is placed over a toddler's abdomen. Car seats should be placed in the rear of the car because airbags can injure the toddler. Three-year-old children should be restrained in car seats. Which nursing advice is appropriate when explaining proper restraint of toddlers in motor vehicles to a group of parents? a. Fitting the seat belt snugly over the toddler's abdomen ... Which order is appropriate for developmental milestones according to occurrence in a child from birth to 3 years? B, C Which nursing advice would be appropriate regarding the nutritional needs of the child during a growth spurt? Select all that apply. a. Plan a nutritionally balanced day. d. Encouraging supervision during play The parents should avoid supervising the toddlers while they are playing; this will help in controlling stress in toddlers. Playing with drums and a toy nail and hammer will help the toddler to cope with stress. Using imagery and relaxation techniques will help the toddler in controlling stress. Increasing the rest period of the toddlers is an effective way of controlling stress. Which action would be avoided in order to control stress in the toddler? a. Giving drums to play d. Encouraging toddlers to do things for themselves when capable Toddlers have an increased ability to control their bodies, themselves, and the environment. Autonomy develops when children complete tasks of which they are capable. To successfully achieve autonomy, the toddler needs to have a sense of accomplishment. This does not occur if parents complete tasks. The concept of right and wrong is too advanced for toddlers and will not contribute to autonomy. Children at this age engage in parallel play. This will not foster autonomy. Which intervention will foster the achievement of autonomy in toddlers? a. Helping toddlers complete tasks d. The shoulder belt is used if it does not cross child's neck or face. Shoulder belts are used for toddlers only if they do not cross the child's neck or face, which may lead to choking. The backseat is the safest area in the car for children. Car restraints are used for children until they are 12 years of age. Seat belts should not be worn on the abdomen; they should be worn low on the hips and fit snugly. Which statement is correct with regard to the safety of toddlers in car restraints? a. The front seat is the best place for toddlers. d. Belief that their thoughts are all powerful and caused the event that occurred Children who use preoperational thought believe that their thoughts are all powerful and can cause the event that occurred, otherwise known as magical thinking. Centration, a term given to preoperational thought, means that toddlers are unable to consider all possible alternatives. They are unable to see the event or object from another perspective because of their egocentrism. They do not have the ability to understand that something can be different than the way it appears to be, also known as the inability to conserve. Which characteristics of preoperational thought are appropriate in toddlers? a. Considering all possible alternatives a. Give the toy to the child to minimize loneliness. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate regarding the child throwing a tantrum after having a toy taken away that is usually given when the parent is away? a. Give the toy to the child to minimize
loneliness. a. "A new playmate will come home soon." Toddlers need to have a realistic idea about what will happen when a new baby comes home. Therefore an unrealistic expectation will be set when the mother says that a new playmate will come home soon. The mother needs to emphasize that things such as reading stories and going to the park will not change once the baby arrives. Parents should also stress activities such as bottle-feeding to the toddler so that the child has a realistic idea of what to expect once the newborn arrives. Which statement made by the mother regarding minimizing sibling rivalry with the toddler needs further learning? a. "A new playmate will come home
soon." c, d, e Which nursing instruction is appropriate to help prevent dental caries in a family's toddler? Select all that apply. a. Using the bottle as a pacifier b, d Which developmental tasks would a 24-month-old child be able do? Select all that apply. a. Name many colors d. Store fluoride supplements away from the toddler. Which instructions are appropriate when recommending fluoride supplements for the toddler? a. Give fluoride supplements after breakfast. Sets with similar termsCh.11 Health Promotion of the Toddler and Family35 terms khun1 Chapter 12: Health Promotion of the Toddler and Fa…35 terms amarie_93 Chapter 12 - Health Promotion of the Toddler and F…35 terms Nerrisa PEDS: Chapter 7: Health Promotion During Early Chi…19 terms shelic6984 Sets found in the same folderchapter 14 health problems of early childhood23 terms brandauam8 Chapter 10: Health Promotion of the Infant and Fam…45 terms nursestudent17 Chapter 11: Health Problems of the Infant43 terms mathguy1987 Chapter 11: Health Problems of the Infant51 terms Will-S- Other sets by this creatormed surg exam 418 terms perrinichole psych exam 427 terms perrinichole med surg exam 327 terms perrinichole psych exam 214 terms perrinichole Recommended textbook solutions Pharmacology and the Nursing Process7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins 382 solutions
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Which fine motor skill can an 18 month old child do?Between the ages of 12-18 months, your child will:
Build a tower using 2 blocks. Use their hands together to hold a toy at the middle of their body. Scribble with a crayon. Point with their pointer finger.
Which developmental behaviors does an 18 month old possess?Your 18-month-old toddler is now walking and using basic words. At this age, children love to play and explore. They begin to show some independence and may play pretend and point at objects they want. They also begin to understand what things in the house are used for, such as a cup or spoon.
What is a gross motor skills for 18 24 months?Gross Motor Skills 18 - 24 m
With excellent physical control, toddlers are now non-stop flurries of activity. By the end of the second year, toddlers can walk steadily, run, walk backwards and often jump too.
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Which gross motor skill is developmentally appropriate for an 18 month old toddler quizlet?
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