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Both the National Association of School Nurses and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that school districts provide a full‐time school nurse in every school building. In 1902, the first school nurse reduced absenteeism by helping students and their families manage contagious diseases. Learn how school nurses care for students in their evolving role. In the United States, more than 40% of school-aged children and adolescents have at least one chronic health condition, such as asthma, diabetes, seizure disorders, food allergies, or poor oral health.1 For these students, school nurses—who are often the only health care provider in a school—play a large role in the daily management of their conditions. School nurses or other school health services staff may also be the first to identify chronic health conditions in students through routine health exams. School nurses help students and families in many ways.Research shows that some students with chronic health conditions may miss school more often than others. Eventually this absenteeism may affect academic performance. Schools can help students with chronic health conditions by providing services through a school nurse or school-based health center.2 A school nurse can help students and their families get access to health insurance, coordinate care by communicating between the family and health care providers, and educate families on what health care services are available to their child at school. The benefits of school nurses reach beyond the school walls.School nurses not only make a big difference for student health and academic achievement, but they can also save money. Research shows that, for every $1 spent on school nursing, society saves $2.20.3 These savings come from preventing costly emergency room visits and parents missing time at work to care for sick children. School nurses are providing school health services for students both in-person and remotely. The roles and responsibilities of school nurses are expanding to deal with public health crises.School nurses are playing an important role in keeping schools open for in-person learning during the COVID-19 pandemic while protecting the health and safety of students and staff. School nurses are:
School nurses are also setting up employee wellness programs and learning new skills to help them provide mental health services and referrals for students and their families. More information
References
The nurse is examining a 10-month-old boy who was born 10 weeks early. Which finding is cause for concern? C) The child’s head circumference is 49.53 cm. The nurse is teaching a new mother about the drastic growth and developmental changes her infant will experience in the first year of life. Which statement describes a developmental milestone occurring in infancy? A) By 6 months of age, the infant’s brain weighs half that of the adult brain; at age 12 months, the brain weighs 2.5 times what it did at birth. The nurse is assessing the respiratory system of a newborn. Which anatomic differences place the infant at risk for respiratory compromise? Select all that apply. A) The nasal passages are narrower. D) The larynx is more funnel shaped. F) There are significantly fewer alveoli. A new mother shows the nurse that her baby grasps her finger when she touches the baby’s palm. How might the nurse respond to this information? B) “This is a primitive reflex known as the palmar grasp.” Which reflex, if found in a 4-month-old infant, would cause the nurse to be concerned? A new mother expresses concern to the nurse that her baby is crying and grunting when passing stool. What is the nurse’s best response to this observation? “This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is hard and dry.” The neonatal nurse assesses newborns for iron deficiency anemia. Which newborn is at highest risk for this disorder? The nurse caring for newborns knows that infants exhibit phenomenal increases in their gross motor skills over the first 12 months of life. Which statements accurately describe the typical infant’s achievement of these milestones? Select all that apply. A) At 1 month, the infant lifts and turns the head to the side in the prone position. D) At 7 months, the infant sits alone with some use of hands for support. E) At 9 months, the infant crawls with the abdomen off the floor. F) At 12 months, the infant walks independently. The nurse is teaching a new mother about the development of sensory skills in her newborn. What would alert the mother to a sensory deficit in her child? The newborn does not respond to a loud noise. The nurse is assessing a 4-month-old boy during a scheduled visit. Which findings might suggest a developmental problem? B) The child does not vocally respond to voices. The nurse observes an infant interacting with his parents. What are normal social behavioral developments for this age group? Select all that apply. B) Around 2 months, the infant exhibits a first real smile. C) Around 3 months, the infant smiles widely and gurgles when interacting with the caregiver. D) Around 3 months, the infant will mimic the parent’s facial movements, such as sticking out the tongue. F) Separation anxiety may also start in the last few months of infancy. The nurse is performing a health assessment of a 3-month-old African-American boy. For what condition should this infant be monitored based on his race? . The nurse is promoting a healthy diet to guide a mother when feeding her 2-week-old girl. Which is the most effective anticipatory guidance? Discouraging the addition of fruit juice to the diet The nurse is teaching a new mother the proper techniques for breastfeeding her newborn. Which is a recommended guideline that should be implemented? Bring the baby’s wide-open mouth to the breast to form a seal around all of the nipple and areola. The nurse is providing discharge teaching regarding formula preparation for a new mother. Which guideline would the nurse include in the teaching plan? Do not add cereal to the formula in the bottle or sweeten the formula with honey. The nurse is caring for a 4-week-old girl and her mother. Which is the most appropriate subject for anticipatory guidance? Telling how and when to introduce rice cereal The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a mother of a 5-month-old boy about introducing solid foods. Which statement by the mother indicates that effective teaching has occurred? “The cereal should be a fairly thin consistency at first.” The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the mother of a 9-month-old girl during a well-baby visit. Which topic would be most appropriate? Advising how to create a toddler-safe home . The nurse in a community clinic is caring for a 6-month-old boy and his mother. Which intervention is priority to promote adequate growth? Monitoring the child’s weight and height . The nurse is caring for a 7-month-old girl during a well-child visit. Which intervention is most appropriate for this child? Discussing the type of sippy cup to use The nurse is assessing a 12-month-old boy with an English-speaking father and a Spanish-speaking mother. The boy does not say mama or dada yet. What is the priority intervention? Asking the mother if the child uses Spanish words A 6-month-old girl weighs 14.7 lb during a scheduled check-up. Her birth weight was 8 lb. What is the priority nursing intervention? Discussing the child’s feeding patterns The nurse is educating a first-time mother who has a 1-week-old boy. Which is the most accurate anticipatory guidance? Explaining that the stomach holds less than 1 ounce A mother is concerned about her infant’s spitting up. Which suggestion would be most appropriate? “Keep the baby sitting up for about 30 minutes afterward.” The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a mother to help promote healthy sleep for her 3-week-old baby. Which recommended guideline might be included in the teaching plan? Place the baby on his or her back when sleeping. The nurse is counseling the mother of a newborn who is concerned about her baby’s constant crying. What teaching would be appropriate for this mother? Reducing stimulation may decrease the length of crying. The parent of a 6-month-old infant asks the nurse for advice about his son’s thumb sucking. What would be the nurse’s best response to this parent? “Thumb sucking is a healthy self-comforting activity.” At which age would the nurse expect to find the beginning of object permanence? The nurse is assessing the infants in the nursery for the six stages of consciousness. The nurse becomes concerned when assessing which infants? Select all that apply. A) An infant rapidly moves from deep sleep to crying. B) An infant moves from active alert state to drowsiness. D) An infant frequently skips the quiet alert state during the six stages of consciousness. A new mother tells the nurse that she is having difficulty breastfeeding her baby. When observing the mother, which actions prompt the nurse to provide teaching about proper breastfeeding techniques? Select all that apply. A) The mother carefully washes her breasts prior to feeding the infant. B) The mother feeds the infant every hour. C) The mother supplements feedings with water. The nurse is assessing the developmental milestones of an infant. The infant was born 8 weeks ago and was 4 weeks premature. The nurse anticipates that the infant will be meeting milestones for what age of child? Record your answer in weeks. The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a 3-year-old girl. What finding would be a concern for the nurse? C) The toddler’s anterior fontanel is not fully closed. The nurse is describing the maturation of various organ systems during toddlerhood to the parents. What would the nurse correctly include in this description? Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete at about 24 months The nurse is teaching the parents of a 2-year-old toddler methods of dealing with their child’s “negativism.” Based on Erikson’s theory of development, what would be an appropriate intervention for this child? Encourage the child to pick out his own clothes. . The nurse is caring for a toddler who is in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. Which task would the nurse expect the toddler to be able to perform? Knowing which are his or her toys The nurse is observing a 24-month-old boy in a day care center. Which finding suggests delayed motor development? The child is unable to push a toy lawnmower. What activity would the nurse expect to find in an 18-month-old? Climbing stairs with assistance The pediatric nurse is planning quiet activities for a hospitalized 18-month-old. What would be an appropriate activity for a child of this age group? The nurse is performing a cognitive assessment of a 2-year-old. Which behavior would alert the nurse to a developmental delay in this area? The child does not point to named body parts. The nurse is interviewing a 3-year-old girl who tells the nurse: “Want go potty.” The parents tell the nurse that their daughter often speaks in this type of broken speech. What would be the nurse’s appropriate response to this concern? “This is a normal, common speech pattern in the 3-year-old and is called telegraphic speech.” After teaching a group of parents about language development in toddlers, what if stated by a member of the group indicates successful teaching? “When my 3-year-old asks ‘why?’ all the time, this is completely normal.” The nurse is testing the sensory development of a toddler brought to the clinic for a well visit. What might alert the nurse to a potential problem with the child’s sensory development? The toddler does not respond to commands whispered in his ear. . The nurse observing toddlers in a day care center notes that they may be happy and pleasant one moment and overreact to limit setting the next minute by throwing a tantrum. What is the focus of the toddler’s developmental task that is driving this behavior? The need for separation and control The nurse is teaching parents interventions appropriate to the emotional development of their toddlers. What is a recommended intervention for this age group? Do not blame toddlers for aggressive behavior; instead, point out the results of their behavior. The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old boy’s development during a well-child visit. Which response by the child indicates the need for further assessment? He laughs when his brother cries getting vaccinated. The nurse is designing a nursing care plan for a toddler with lymphoma, who is hospitalized for treatment. What is a priority intervention that the nurse should include in this child’s nursing plan? Monitoring the toddler for developmental delays The nurse is watching toddlers at play. Which normal behavior would the nurse observe? Toddlers engage in parallel play. The nurse is developing a teaching plan for toddler safety to present at a parenting seminar. Which safety intervention should the nurse address? Advise parents to use a forward-facing car seat with harness straps and a clip, placed in the back seat of the car. During a health history, the nurse explores the sleeping habits of a 3-year-old boy by interviewing his parents. Which statement from the parents reflects a recommended guideline for promoting healthy sleep in this age group? “We keep a strict bedtime ritual for our son, which includes a bath and bedtime story.” The nurse is teaching good sleep habits for toddlers to the mother of a 3-year-old boy. Which response indicates the mother understands sleep requirements for her son? “He needs 12 hours of sleep per day including his nap.” The parents of a 1-year-old girl, both of whom have perfect teeth, are concerned about their child getting dental caries. Which is the best advice the nurse can provide? Tell the parents to limit the child’s eating to meal and snack times. The nurse is helping parents prepare a healthy meal plan for their toddler. Which guidelines for promoting nutrition should be followed when planning meals? Select all that apply Extending breastfeeding into toddlerhood is believed to be beneficial to the child. D) Adequate calcium intake and appropriate exercise lay the foundation for proper bone mineralization. E) The toddler requires an average intake of 700 mg calcium per day The nurse is choosing foods for a toddler’s diet that are high in vitamin A. What foods could be added to the menu? Select all that apply D) Sweet potatoes E) Spinach F) Carrots When instructing the parents of a toddler about appropriate nutrition, what would the nurse recommend? Approximately 16 to 24 ounces of milk per day The nurse is teaching the parents of an overweight 18-month-old girl about diet. Which intervention will be most effective for promoting proportionate growth? A) Remove high-calorie, low-nutrient foods from the diet. The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of an 18-month-old girl. Which guidance will be most helpful for toilet teaching? Advising them to use praise, not scolding The parents of a 2-year-old girl are frustrated by the frequent confrontations they have with their child. Which is the best anticipatory guidance the nurse can offer to prevent confrontations? “You need to adhere to various routines.” The nurse is providing guidance after observing a mother interact with her negative 2-year-old boy. For which interaction will the nurse advise the mother that she is handling the negativism properly? Telling the child firmly that we don’t scream in the office The nurse is teaching the parents of a 2-year-old girl how to deal with common toddler situations. Which is the best advice? Have the child help clean up a bowel accident The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old boy who has missed some developmental milestones. Which finding will point to the cause of motor skill delays? The child is homeless and has no toys. . The nurse emphasizes that a toddler younger than the age of 18 months should never be spanked primarily for which reason? There is an increased risk for physical injury in this age group. The nurse is conducting a well-child examination of a 5-year-old girl, who was 40 in tall at her last examination at age 4. Which height measurement would be within the normal range of growth expected for a preschooler? The nurse is teaching the parents of a 4-year-old boy about the normal maturation of the child's organs during the preschool years and their effect on body functions. Which statements accurately describe these changes? Select all that apply. A) Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most children by age 3 years. B) The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli continues to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age. D) The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen and mature; however, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature. E) The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually occurs once or twice per day in the average preschool-age child. The nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a preschooler. What are normal activities characteristic of the preschooler? Select all that apply A) Plans activities and makes up games. B) Initiates activities with others. C) Acts out roles of other people. The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old girl post tonsillectomy. The girl looks out the window and tells the nurse that it is raining and says, “The sky is crying because it is sad that my throat hurts.” The nurse understands that the girl is demonstrating which mental process? The parents of a 4-year-old ask the nurse when their child will be able to differentiate right from wrong and develop morals. What would be the best response of the nurse? “The preschooler is developing a conscience.” Which activity would the nurse least likely include as exemplifying the preconceptual phase of Piaget’s preoperational stage? Draws a person with three body parts The school nurse is helping parents choose books for their preschoolers. What literacy skills present in the preschooler would the nurse consider when making choices? Select all that apply. A) Preschoolers enjoy books with pictures that tell stories. B) Preschoolers like stories with repeated phrases as they help keep their attention. D) Preschoolers demonstrate early literacy skills by reciting stories or portions of books. E) Preschoolers may retell the story from the book, pretend to read books, and ask questions about the story. The parents of a preschooler ask the nurse to help them choose a preschool for their child. What are recommended guidelines and goals for choosing a preschool? Select all that apply. B) When selecting a preschool, the parent may want to consider the accreditation of the school and the teachers’ qualifications. D) The parent should observe the classroom, evaluating the environment, noise level, and sanitary practices. F) The parent should observe the classroom to determine how the children interact with each other and how the teachers interact with the children. . The mother of a 4-year-old boy tells the nurse that her son occasionally wets his pants during the day. How should the nurse respond? “Tell me about the circumstances when this occurs.” The nurse is explaining to parents that the preschooler’s developmental task is focused on the development of initiative rather than guilt. What is a priority intervention the nurse might recommend for parents of preschoolers to stimulate initiative? Reward the child for initiative in order to build self-esteem. . The parents of a 5-year-old boy tell the nurse that their son is having frequent episodes of night terrors. Which statement would indicate that the boy is having nightmares instead of night terrors? “He will tell us about what happened in his dream.” . The mother of a 5-year-old boy calls the nurse and seeks advice on how to assist the child with the recent death of his paternal grandfather. The boy keeps asking when his grandpa is coming back. How should the nurse respond? “This is normal; children his age do not understand the permanence of death.” The nurse is developing a nursing care plan for a hospitalized 6-year-old. Which behavior would warrant nursing intervention? The child does not want to play games with other children on the hospital ward. The nurse is caring for preschoolers in a day care center. For this age group, of what developmental milestones should the nurse be aware? Select all that apply. . A) Counting 10 or more objects B) Correctly naming at least four colors C) Understanding the concept of time D) Knowing everyday objects When observing a group of preschoolers at play in the clinic waiting room, which type of play would the nurse be least likely to note? The nurse is supervising lunch time for children on a pediatric ward. Which observation, if noted by the nurse, would require further assessment? A child uses his fingers and refuses to use a fork. The nurse of a preschool child is helping parents develop a healthy meal plan for their child. What nutritional requirements for this age group should the nurse consider? The typical preschooler requires about 85 kcal/kg of body weight. The parents of a 4-year-old who is a picky eater ask the nurse what foods to include in their child’s diet to provide adequate iron consumption. Which food would the nurse recommend? The nurse is counseling parents of a picky eater on how to promote healthy eating habits in their child. Which intervention would be appropriate advice? Present the food matter-of-factly and allow the child to choose what to eat. . Which food suggestion would be most appropriate for the mother of a preschooler to ensure an adequate intake of calcium? The nurse is providing teaching about accidental poisoning to the family of a 3-year-old. The nurse understands that a child of this age is at increased risk of accidental ingestion due to which sensory alteration? A less discriminating sense of taste The nurse is conducting a well-child assessment for a 5-year-old boy in preparation for kindergarten. The boy’s grandmother is his primary caregiver because the boy’s mother has suffered from depression and substance abuse issues. The nurse understands that the child is at increased risk for which developmental problem? Lack of social and emotional readiness for school A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old girl. The mother says that the girl is afraid of cats and dogs and does not like to go to the playground anymore because she wants to avoid the dogs that are often being walked at the park. What should the nurse tell the mother? “Acknowledge her fear and help her develop a strategy for dealing with it.” The nurse is providing teaching about car safety to the parents of a 5-year-old girl who weighs 45 lb. What should the nurse instruct the parents to do? “Place her in a booster seat with lap and shoulder belts in the back seat.” The nurse is caring for a premature baby in the NICU. The mother reports that the infant’s normally happy and outgoing 5-year-old sister is acting sad and withdrawn. The nurse understands that due to her developmental stage, the girl is at risk of what happening? Viewing her baby sister’s illness as her fault When providing anticipatory guidance to parents about their preschool son who was caught in a lie, what would the nurse emphasize? “You need to determine the reason for lying before punishing the child.” The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance for parents of a preschooler regarding sex education. What is a recommended guideline when dealing with this issue? B) Before answering questions, find out what the child thinks about the subject. The parents of a preschooler express concern to the nurse about their son’s new habit of masturbating. What is an appropriate response to this concern? Treat the action in a matter-of-fact manner emphasizing safety. The parents of a 5-year-old are concerned that their son is too short for his age. The nurse measures the child’s height at 40 in (101.6 cm). How should the nurse respond? “The average height for a 5-year-old is 43 in tall (118.5 cm), so your son is within the normal range for height.” tall (118.5 cm). Chapter 28 1. The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a 10-year-old boy. The nurse notes that during last year’s check-up, the child weighed 80 lb. According to average growth for this age group, what would be his expected current weight? The nurse is performing an annual check-up for an 8-year-old child. Compared to the previous assessment of this child, which characteristic would most likely be observed? Breathing is diaphragmatic. The pediatric nurse is aware of the maturation of organ systems in the school-age child. What accurately describes these changes? Select all that apply. B) Respiratory rates decrease, abdominal breathing disappears, and respirations become diaphragmatic in nature. C) The school-age child’s blood pressure increases and the pulse rate decreases, and the heart grows more slowly during the middle years. E) Bladder capacity increases, but varies among individual children, and girls generally have a greater bladder capacity than boys. F) Prepubescence typically occurs in the 2 years before the beginning of puberty and is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics. . The nurse is using the formula for bladder capacity to measure the bladder capacity of a 9-year-old girl. What number would the nurse document for this measurement? The nurse knows that the school-age child is in Erikson’s stage of industry versus inferiority. Which best exemplifies a school-ager working toward accomplishing this developmental task? The child signs up for after-school activities. The school nurse providing school health screenings knows that the 7- to 11-year-old is in Piaget’s stage of concrete operational thoughts. What should this age group accomplish when developing operations? Select all that apply. . A) Ability to assimilate and coordinate information about the world from different dimensions B) Ability to see things from another person’s point of view and think through an action C) Ability to use stored memories of past experiences to evaluate and interpret present situations F) Ability to understand the principle of conservation—that matter does not change when its form changes The nurse explains to parents of school-age children that according to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, their child is at the conventional stage of moral development. Which is the nurse’s best explanation for the motivation for school-age children to follow rules? They follow rules out of a sense of being a “good person.” The nurse is talking with a chatty 7-year-old girl during her regular check-up. Which behaviors would the child also be expected to exhibit? Explaining what is right and what is wrong The nurse is assessing the gross motor skills of an 8-year-old boy. Which interview question would facilitate this assessment? “Do you participate in any sports?” The school nurse is conducting vision screening for a 7-year-old girl and documents the condition “amblyopia.” What would the nurse tell the parents about this condition? “Amblyopia is reduced vision in an eye that has not been adequately used during early development.” The school nurse knows that school-age children are developing metalinguistic awareness. Which is an example of this skill? The child enjoys telling jokes. A mother brings her 6-year-old son in for a check-up because the child is reporting stomachaches. It is the beginning of the school year. What might the mother also mention? The child cries before going to school. The nurse is teaching the parents of a 9-year-old girl about the socialization that is occurring in their child through school contacts. Which information would the nurse include in her teaching plan? Continuous peer relationships provide the most important social interaction for school-age children. . During a well-child check-up, the parents of a 9-year-old boy tell the nurse that their son’s friends told him that soccer is a stupid game, and now he wants to play baseball. Which comment by the nurse best explains the effects of peer groups? “Acceptance by friends, especially of the same sex, is very important at this age.” The nurse is performing a physical examination of an 11-year-old girl. What observations would be expected? The child has grown 2.5 in since last year. What finding would the nurse most likely discover in a 10-year-old child in the period of concrete operational thought? Ability to classify similar objects After teaching the parents of a 9-year-old girl about safety, which statement indicates the need for additional teaching? “She can ride in the front seat of the car once she is 10 years old.” The nurse is teaching parents to plan nutritional meals for their 7-year-old son who is overweight. Which guideline might the nurse include in the teaching plan? The school-age child needs 28 g of protein and 800 mg of calcium for maintenance of growth and good nutrition. The nurse has determined that an 8-year-old girl is at risk for being overweight. Which intervention would be a priority prior to developing the care plan? Interviewing the parents about their eating habits The school nurse is preparing a talk on the influence of the media on school-age children to present at the next PTO meeting. Which fact might the nurse include in the introduction? Parents should limit television watching and videogame playing to 2 hours per day. The mother of a 7-year-old girl tells the school nurse that her child is deathly afraid of going to school. What would be the best intervention the nurse could suggest in this situation? A) Return the child to school and investigate the cause of the fear. . Two working parents are discussing with the school nurse the possibility of their 12-year-old girl going home alone after school. What suggestion should the nurse make? Purchase caller ID for the phone. The parents of an 8-year-old boy are interested in promoting learning through reading to their son. Which suggestion by the nurse would best promote this goal? Take the child to the library to check out some books. The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old girl who is scheduled for a hernia repair and is very scared. Which fear would she also most likely have at this age? The nurse is counseling the parents of a 10-year-old child who was caught stealing at school. Which topic should the nurse cover? Finding out what is currently going on at home When providing anticipatory guidance to a group of parents with school-age children, what would the nurse describe as the most important aspect of social interaction? . The school nurse is teaching parents about the effects of bullying on school children. What accurately describes this developmental concern?
Both boys and girls are bullied; boys usually bully boys and use force more often. The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance for parents of a school-age child on teaching the dangers of drugs and alcohol. What advice might be helpful for these parents? School-age children can think critically to interpret messages seen in advertising, media, and sports. A 12-year-old girl is experiencing prepubescence and tells the school nurse that she feels “very out of place” in her school. What would be acceptable responses by the nurse? Select all that apply. A) “It must be difficult for you. Why don’t you sit down, and we can talk about it?” D) “Tell me how this makes you feel. Talking about your feelings may help you feel better about school.” The mother of a 12-year-old boy is talking with the school nurse about her son’s clumsiness. She reports that he seems to fall a lot, his writing is horrible, and as much as he practices, he can’t play his guitar very well. How should the nurse respond to the mother? “Have you spoken with your pediatrician about your observations?” The nurse teaches parents of adolescents that adolescents need the support of parents and nurses to facilitate healthy lifestyles. What should be a priority focus of this guidance? Reducing risk-taking behavior The nurse has seen a 15-year-old girl and a 16-year-old boy during health surveillance visits. Which physical characteristics would be seen in both teenagers? The nurse is performing an assessment of the reproductive system of a 17-year-old girl. What would alert the nurse to a developmental delay in this girl? Absence of first menstrual period The school nurse is performing health assessments on students in middle school. Of what developmental milestone should the nurse be aware? Peak height velocity (PHV) occurs at approximately 12 years of age in girls or about 6 to 12 months after menarche. After assessing a 10-year-old girl, the nurse documents the appearance of breast buds, identifying this as what body change? When describing the various changes that occur in organ systems during adolescence, what would the nurse include? The school nurse is performing a physical examination on a 13-year-old boy who is on the soccer team. What is a physical quality that develops during these early adolescent years? Based on Erikson’s developmental theory, what is the major developmental task of the adolescent? The nurse assesses the spirituality of an adolescent. What are normal moral and spiritual milestones in this age group? Select all that apply. Adolescents develop their own set of morals and values and question the status quo. C) Adolescents undergo the process of developing their own set of morals at different rates. D) Adolescents are more interested in the spiritualism of their religion than in the actual practices of their religion. The school nurse is conducting a seminar for parents of adolescents on how to communicate with teenagers. Which guidelines might the nurse recommend? Select all that apply. Talk face to face and be aware of body language. B) Ask questions to see why he or she feels that way. F) Don’t pretend you know all the answers. The nurse is teaching the parents of a 12-year-old boy about appropriate approaches when raising an adolescent. Which comment should be included in the discussion? “Try to be open to his views.” The mother of a 14-year-old girl reports to the nurse that her daughter is moody, shuts herself in her room, and fights with her younger sister. Which comment is most valuable to the mother? “Calmly talk to her about your concerns.” The adolescent continues to develop self-concept and self-esteem. What is most important to a teen’s self-esteem? The nurse is performing risk assessments on adolescents in the school setting. Which teen should the nurse screen for hypertension? The nurse knows that barriers to the adolescent’s health and successful achievement of the tasks of adolescence exist. What is the major barrier to health for this population? The nurse teaching safety to teens knows that which of these is the leading cause of death among adolescents? When assessing adolescents for health risks, the nurse must keep in mind the factors related to the prevalence of adolescent injuries. What accurately describes these factors? Select all that apply A) Increased physical growth B) Insufficient psychomotor coordination E) Peer pressure F) Inexperience The nurse is helping the parents and their underweight adolescent collaborate on planning a healthy menu. Of which nutritional requirement of adolescents should the nurse be aware? Teenagers have a need for increased calories, zinc, calcium, and iron for growth. The nurse is promoting nutrition to a 13-year-old boy who is overweight. Which comment should the nurse expect to include in the discussion? The nurse is providing suggestions to a female adolescent about foods to help meet her nutritional requirements for iron. Which food would the nurse suggest as a good source of iron? During a health maintenance visit, a 15-year-old girl mentions that she is not happy with being overweight. Which approach is best for the nurse to take? “What specifically have you been noticing?” The school nurse knows that dating is a milestone for adolescents. Which statement accurately describes a trend in teen dating? Most teens have been involved in at least one romantic relationship by late adolescence. During a health check-up without his parents, a 17-year-old tells the nurse he is gay. Which approach should the nurse take? “Tell me what makes you think you are gay.” The nurse is promoting learning and school attendance to a 13-year-old girl. Which factor will affect the child’s attitude most? Peer group behaviors and attitudes The school nurse is preparing a program on sexuality and birth control for a class of 14 to 16 year olds. Which behavior will have the most influence on how the information is presented? Adolescents tend to take risks The nurse is preparing a class for a group of adolescents about promoting safety. What would the nurse plan to include as the leading cause of adolescent injuries? The nurse is discussing ways to promote discipline with parents who are becoming increasingly frustrated with their teenager. What would the nurse identify as most important? Make your responses consistent. The school nurse is teaching parents risk factors for suicide in adolescents. What would the nurse discuss? Select all that apply. Mental health changes B) History of previous suicide attempt E) Family disorganization F) Substance abuse The nurse is performing a cognitive assessment on a 16-year-old client. Which behaviors demonstrated will the nurse identify as middle formal operational, according to Piaget’s theory? Select all that apply. A) Reporting that he smokes marijuana occasionally. B) Wanting to make decisions about health care independently C) Being very concerned with implications of the Affordable Care Act regarding healthcare benefits A 12-year-old boy reports to the nurse that he is one of the shortest kids in his class. He asks the nurse if he will ever grow. What response by the nurse is most appropriate? “There is no way to know how tall you will grow because you are still well within the window for growth.” Which source of stress would the nurse anticipate in a 4 year old child?Attention, insecurity, and activity level are sources of stress in four-year-old children. School and separation anxiety are sources of stress in five-year-old children.
Which self care skill would the nurse expect a 4 year old child to be capable of performing quizlet?What self-care skill does the nurse expect 4-year-olds to be capable of performing? Four-year-old children can put on a shirt and can fasten it if the buttons are large. Four-year-olds will be able to comb, but not part, their hair.
Which developmental milestone would the nurse expect when assessing a preschooler quizlet?Which would the nurse anticipate when assessing a preschool-age child, according to Erikson's developmental stages? The nurse would anticipate that a preschool-age child would have highly imaginative thoughts, according to Erikson.
What language milestones does a 4 year old see?At 4-5 years, children are getting better at conversations. They can use longer sentences and take turns speaking. Preschoolers can say what they're thinking, tell stories and describe feelings. Adults can understand most of what preschoolers are saying.
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Which developmental characteristic would the nurse recognize as contributing to a 4
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