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1. Nurses give individualized care to unique individuals. How can care be appropriately given in a community?

Consider the community itself as the "patient."

As it is clearly impossible and impractical to give service to each person in a community, the best approach considers the community itself to be the unit of service.

2. Which is the most accurate way to explain community health nursing?

Focusing care on the community as a whole

Not only is community a context or place where a community health nurse gives care, but the community as a whole is the focus of the nurse's efforts.

3. Which activity might be most helpful to a person in whom a serious chronic illness has been diagnosed?

Join a support group of others with the same illness

Although a person might choose to do any of these, the most helpful action over the long term is to join a support group with persons having the same diagnosis for mutual learning, sharing of resources, and support. Religious leaders could also be helpful, but many persons do not have a religious leader.

4. What is a major factor in determining which persons or groups are most likely to be helpful to a particular individual?

Environmental proximity

Although it is certainly more common to have friends who are similar to ourselves in many ways, those most likely to be called on and respond are those in close environmental proximity.

5. How do people typically respond when asked of what community are they a member?

Geographic community (neighborhood or city)

Although individuals might well respond in terms of any of the possible responses, the most common response is in terms of geographic location of one's home or place of residence.

6. What sorts of things do community members receive from each other?

Socialization and role fulfillment

Not all communities are safe places, have medical centers, or offer recreational opportunities. Almost all communities have socialization and role fulfillment opportunities.

7. Which community characteristic would suggest a healthy community?

Ability to adapt and respond to changes

The community's ability to respond effectively to changing dynamics and meet the needs of its members indicates productive functioning. A community may or may not be able to control environmental pollution because the pollution is often from outside the community itself. Similarly, employment, or lack thereof, may be due to factors outside the community's control. In many communities growth is not expected; simply not losing more population is a great achievement.

8. Besides resolving current problems, community health nurses also try to help a community develop its capacity to address future problems. What are such nursing activities called?

Developing community competence

Although such activities are educational, collaborative, and ideally do address problems in some order by priority, building a community's capacity to address future problems is called developing community competence.

9. What is meant by shoe leather epidemiology?

Traveling throughout the community to absorb an overall impression of it

Shoe leather epidemiology refers to establishing hypotheses about the community's health, strengths, and possible problems through the down-to-earth approach of traveling through the area and observing and interacting with community members.

10. What is possibly the easiest and fastest way to obtain an overview of the community?

Engage in a windshield survey

The easiest way to obtain an overview of the community is through a windshield survey by driving or walking throughout the area and making organized observations. A group that is willing to respond to surveys and review public health records and that lives in the community would be very helpful but not easy or fast.

11. In what way are the U.S. Census Bureau surveys helpful to a community health nurse?

Demographic data suggest distribution of age, sex, race, and ethnicity.

Although they may offer temporary employment to some community residents and ideally all residents are counted, the value of the Census Bureau data is in clarifying the distribution of age, sex, race, and ethnicity of the community, which may also suggest health needs. The Census Bureau does not collect data on mortality and morbidity.

12. A public health nurse wanted statistics on the disability, illness, and other health-related variables for the state. Where should the community health nurse go for the most extensive data?

The National Center for Health Statistics

The National Center for Health Statistics compiles annual National Health Survey data. It also publishes reports on prevalence of disability, illness, and other health-related variables. It tracks trends by nation, state, and year.

13. When would a community health nurse try to collect data on a health issue?

When there is no source of previously collected data

Formal data collection does not exist for all health data. Therefore many nurses must perform additional data collection, compilation, and analysis.

14. All the needed objective data on a specific health problem were available. Why then would a community health nurse interview community residents about the health problem?

To obtain the residents' personal insights and beliefs about the problem

The nurse must understand the community's perspective on health status, the services used or required, and their concerns. Official data do not capture this type of information. Data collected directly from an aggregate may be more insightful and accurate.

15. What possible problem could arise when the nurse begins to collect information about a particular health problem from community residents?

Residents might begin to expect service to be given to address the problem.

Although the process of needs assessment can indicate strengths and weaknesses, it can also raise expectations for new services to address problems.

16. Which group of persons might the community health nurse most want to interview?

Long-time residents who were informal leaders in the community

The nurse needs to interview key community informants to gather data about the health of the community. Although each group could share some information, the long-time informal leaders would be most knowledgeable about the overall strengths and concerns of the community.

17. A nurse was debating about which approach to use to both obtain data about community needs and encourage community participation in their resolution. Which approach would be most effective in meeting both goals?

Establishing focus groups with selected participants

All the responses would be helpful in obtaining information about the community. However, only focus groups promote group interaction and encourage further participation in planning solutions to identified problems.

18. Which aspect of the completed nursing diagnosis summarizes the assessment data collated by the community health nurse?

Identification of the health risk

The identification of the health problem or risk represents a synthesis of all assessment data.

19. What will a community health nurse use to most accurately determine whether a planned intervention was successful?

Current problem data to compare with original baseline data

By comparing baseline data, the nurse can construct benchmarks to gauge the achievement of program objectives. Such epidemiological data are also important for documentation of a program's long-term effectiveness.

20. A community health nurse found a very small number of families in the community who were desperately in need of basic preventive health services. What ethical approach supports expending agency resources on these few, but needy, families?

Beneficence suggests focusing on the most needy, so resources should be expended on these families.

Each response is an accurate portrayal of a branch of ethics. This situation is reviewed in the Ethical Insights box in the text. Beneficence and social justice would give moral advantage to the most vulnerable. By caring for these families, the demands of utilitarianism (the most good for the largest number) would also be met as caring for the weakest supports the whole community.

1. What are central aspects to the definition of community? Select all that apply.

Geographic boundaries at a point in time, Persons who band together to address a shared problem, The name the people have given themselves

The person-place-time model suggests epidemiologists examine demographic characteristics of the community (person characteristics), geographic or environmental factors (place), and a point in time (i.e., the present in comparison with the past and hope for future). Therefore, using the model, any item related to geographic boundaries, persons with shared goals, or a particular time would be correct.

2. Besides giving appropriate care, what is a central function unique to community health nursing? Select all that apply.

Gathering appropriate comprehensive assessment data on the community, Incorporating epidemiological approaches throughout the nursing process, Willing to contribute to health policy development

Although all nurses ideally arrange transportation to their employment site, keep accurate records, and collaborate with health care team members, only community health nurses are expected to engage in comprehensive community assessment, incorporate epidemiology, and contribute to health policy development.

3. What do polls suggest that most people believe are the most important determinants of a healthy community? Select all that apply.

Child-friendly neighborhoods, Low crime rate

The public is more concerned with quality-of-life issues, with the most important determinants of a healthy community being low crime rates and a child-friendly neighborhood environment. Although employment opportunities are important, many are low-paying, no-benefit service positions that are inadequate to support family life. Although the food may be expensive, most cities have safe food and water supplies.

4. What information from vital statistics records is useful to community health nurses? Select all that apply.

Documentation of the mortality and morbidity of the local community, Indication of whether the total population is growing or declining, Records of occurrence of congenital malformations

Vital statistics record births, marriages, divorce, adoptions, and deaths in the community. Useful information would include conditions of birth such as congenital malformations from the birth records. Death records suggest local mortality and morbidity trends. Overall growth or decline in the community's population can be seen.

Which provides the most accurate way to explain community health nursing?

Which of the following best describes community health nursing quizlet?

Which of the following best describes community nursing?

Which of the following is the best definition of a community?