Where does the RNA polymerase bind during the process of transcription quizlet?

The two ends of a strand of DNA or RNA strand are different from each other. That is, a DNA or RNA strand has directionality.

At the 5' end of the chain, the phosphate group of the first nucleotide in the chain sticks out. The phosphate group is attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar ring, which is why this is called the 5' end.

At the other end, called the 3' end, the hydroxyl of the last nucleotide added to the chain is exposed. The hydroxyl group is attached to the 3' carbon of the sugar ring, which is why this is called the 3' end.

Many processes, such as DNA replication and transcription, can only take place in one particular direction relative the the directionality of a DNA or RNA strand.

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-DNA is a long helical ladder of connected nucleotides, while RNA is not double stranded or spiraled and tends to be a long linear strand. tRNA is bent in a number of tight hairpin turns and somewhat resembles the top of the lowercase letter t. rRNA is folded tightly and looks like disorganized cluster, though, in reality, it has a very specific and complex structure.
-DNA: contains nitrogenous bases A, C, G, and T.
RNA: contains nitrogenous bases A, G, C, and U.
-The sugar in RNA is ribose, while the sugar in DNA is deoxyribose.
-Differences in sugars makes DNA more stable, meaning it forms longer chains. RNA is less stable and forms shorter chains.
-Two DNA molecules easily coil around each other because of the difference in sugar affects shape of the spiral. DNA is a double-stranded molecule. RNA is single-stranded. The single strand of RNA can fold and create structures that contain loops and bulges.
-The complex structures of DNA and RNA are made possible by weak bonds between pairs of nitrogenous bases. DNA: A pairs with T, G pairs with C. The bonding between bases in RNA is not as specific as DNA. The U base usually pairs up with A but can also pair up with G, making it easier for RNA folding to occur.
-There is one type of DNA; there are three types of RNA: messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA.
-DNA is found only in the nucleus. Messenger RNA is found in the nucleus, transfer RNA is found in the cytoplasm, and ribosomal RNA is found in ribosomes.
-DNA is self-replicating; the amount of DNA remains constant except during cell division. The cell makes RNA; the amount of RNA will vary, as it is made when needed.

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