The “principles of design” are mechanisms of arrangement and organization for the various elements of design in artwork. Please note that different sources might list slightly different versions of the “Principles of Design,” but the core fundamentals are essentially the same. Harmony in art and design is the visually satisfying effect of combining similar, related elements. For instance: adjacent colors on the color
wheel, similar shapes etc. BalanceA feeling of equality in weight, attention, or attraction of the various visual elements within the pictorial field as a means of accomplishing organic unity. There are a few types of balance:
ProportionProportion is the comparison of dimensions or distribution of forms. It is the relationship in scale between one element and another, or between a whole object and one of its parts. Differing proportions within a composition can relate to different kinds of balance or symmetry, and can help establish visual weight and depth. Dominance/EmphasisThe principle of visual organization that suggests that certain elements should assume more importance than others in the same composition. It contributes to organic unity by emphasizing the fact that there is one main feature and that other elements are subordinate to it. In the below examples, notice how the smaller elements seem to recede into the background while the larger elements come to the front. Pay attention to both scale and value of the objects that recede and advance.  VarietyVariety is the complement to unity and harmony, and is needed to create visual interest. Without unity and harmony, an image is chaotic and “unreadable;” without variety it is dull and uninteresting. Good design is achieved through the balance of unity and variety; the elements need to be alike enough so we perceive them as belonging together and different enough to be interesting. MovementMovement is the path our eyes follow when we look at a work of art, and it is generally very important to keep a viewer’s eyes engaged in the work. Without movement, artwork becomes stagnant. A few good strategies to evoke a sense of movement (among many others) are using diagonal lines, placing shapes so that the extend beyond the boundaries of the picture plane, and using changing values. RhythmA continuance, a flow, or a feeling of movement achieved by the repetition of regulated visual information.
Three-sectioning is an effective way to measure the proportions of the: face Face. Three-sectioning is an effective way to measure the proportions of the face. Which of the following personality types makes decisions based on what is logical, objective and impersonal? thinking Thinking. Thinking individuals tend to make decisions based on what is logical, objective and impersonal. The three primary colors are yellow, blue and: red Red. The three primary colors are yellow, red and blue. The visual appearance or feel of a surface that can be smooth or rough is known as: form Texture. Surface textures are divided into two main categories: unactivated (smooth) and activated (rough). The outline or silhouette of an object is known as: shape Shape. Shape is the outer boundary, outline or silhouette of a design. In which of the three levels of observation does the designer use qualitative analysis? abstract Detail. Qualitative analysis is used in the detail level of observation. When all units are identical except for position, the design principle is known as: contrast Repetition. With the design principle repetition, all units are identical except for position. What type of hair texture creates a wide silhouette and generally holds a style for a longer period of time? fine and straight Curly and course. Curly, coarse hair tends to create a wider silhouette. Which of the following is the standard proportion between the head and body of a woman that most artists use? 1 to 5 1 to 7. According to the standard proportion most artists use, the head of a woman should be 1/7 of her overall body height. Straight, convex and concave are terms used in design that refer to which of the following? profile Profile. There are three different types of profiles: straight, convex and concave. Which Service Essential involves building rapport with your guests and putting them at ease? Create Connect. The Connect phase of the four Service Essentials involves building rapport with your guests and putting guests at ease. The four Service Essentials are Connect, Consult, Create and: Communicate Complete. Complete is the last of the service essentials. Which term describes the number of hair follicles per square inch on the scalp? color Density. Density describes the number of hair follicles per square inch on the scalp and is usually referred to as light, medium or heavy. A two-dimensional representation of form consisting of length and width, but not depth, is called a(n): circle Shape. As a two-dimensional representation of form consisting of length and width but not depth, a shape is generally seen as a flat space or plane, enclosed by a line that has turned to meet itself. A dominant, protruding forehead and chin with a small nose are characteristics of a: short profile Concave profile. A concave profile has an inward curve, which is most often the result of a dominant, protruding forehead and chin or a small nose. Which of the following guidelines is true if the client has a heart facial shape? leave hair close at nape Leave fullness at the nape. For a heart-shaped face, if the hair is shorter, the nape still needs to be full. When three-sectioning the facial area, the middle or second section includes: the forehead The middle of the eyebrows to the tip of the nose. Section two (when three-sectioning the face) is the middle of the eyebrows to the tip of the nose. Which of the following describes the term "profile"? a view of the face from the front An outline of the face from the side. A profile is an outline of an object from the side, especially the side with a view of the face and head. Which facial shape looks good with almost any hair style, length or texture? oval Oval. Oval faces look good with almost any hair design, length or texture. Weight positioned equally on both sides of a center axis is considered: symmetrical Symmetrical. Symmetrical balance, or harmonious arrangement, is created when weight is positioned equally on both sides of a center axis. Balance in a design is identified by which of the following definitions? the term used to describe the speed of a hairstyle A state of equilibrium between contrasting elements in the design. Balance is the state of equilibrium existing between contrasting, opposite or interacting elements. A designer should NOT accentuate the narrowness at the temples and width at the jawline in what type of facial shape? pear Pear. The pear-shaped face is most often elongated, with a forehead that is narrow and a jaw that is the widest area of the face. A symbol that will help you to identify the straight and curved lines, angles and directions of a hair design is called a(n): line Celestial axis. A celestial axis is a symbol that will support you in identifying straight and curved lines, angles and directions. Wearing a coordinated outfit would fall into which of the following style categories? casual Casual. Most clients who fall in the classic category choose items that can be combined with each other. The three-dimensional representation of shape is called: line Form. Form is the three-dimensional representation of shape. Which of the following lines are parallel to the horizon and floor and create a feeling of maximum weight and stability? curved Horizontal. Horizontal lines are parallel to the horizon and floor and give the impression of stability and calmness. Which of the following terms describes the outward reflection of inner thoughts, feelings, values and attitude? personality Personality. Personality is defined as the outward reflection of inner thoughts, feelings, values and attitudes. Which of the following is true regarding design decisions about clients who wear glasses? select large glasses for a large face Select large glasses for a large face. A guideline in selecting eyeglasses for a client with a large face is to suggest large glasses. Which design principle refers to units that are opposite, create variety and stimulate interest? contrast Contrast. Contrast is a desirable relationship of opposites. Short and sturdy body shapes often have: wide shoulders and hips Wide shoulders and hips. Wide shoulders and hips characteristic of a short and sturdy body shape. A casual and comfortable clothing style may also be described as: gamine Low maintenance. Clients in the casual category like their clothing and everything in their environment to be comfortable and low maintenance. What type of balance is created when the weight is positioned unequally from a center axis? contrast Asymmetrical balance. Asymmetrical balance, or off-center arrangement, is created when weight is positioned unequally from a center axis. Adding volume to the fringe area and forehead will visually shrink the length of the nose in which profile? curved Convex. Adding volume to the fringe area and the forehead will visually shorten the length of the nose to create the illusion of a straight profile on a client with a convex profile. The front hairline and jaw are almost horizontal in which facial shape? oval Square. The square face looks angular with straight lines; the front hairline and jaw line are almost horizontal while the cheekbones protrude very little on the sides. The arrangement of shapes, lines and ornamental effects to create an artistic whole is known as: form Design. Design is the arrangement of shapes, lines and ornamental effects to create an artistic whole. Which of the following should NOT be considered if the client has a diamond facial shape? adding width at the jaw line Adding width at the cheekbones. Clients with a diamond-shaped face need narrow sides and fullness at the chin. Which of the following terms is NOT one of the three levels of observation? shape Shape. The three levels of observation are: basic, detail and abstract. Which of the following terms is defined as any portion or part in relation to the whole? form Proportion. Proportion is defined as any portion or part in relation to the whole. When all units are similar yet gradually change proportionately in an ascending or descending scale, this type of design principle is called: contrast Progression. With progression, all units are similar yet gradually change proportionately in an ascending or descending scale. When two or more units are repeated in a sequential repetition, this design principle is better known as: contrast Alternation. Alternation is a sequential repetition in which two or more units occur in a repeating pattern. Which design principle refers to units that are opposite creates variety and stimulates interest select one a contrast B repetition C alternation D progression?design test 3. Which of the following terms is defined as any portion or part in relation to the whole?Definition of proportion
(Entry 1 of 2) 1 : harmonious relation of parts to each other or to the whole : balance, symmetry.
What type of balance is created when the way is positioned unequally from a center axis?Asymmetrical balance. Asymmetrical balance results from unequal visual weight on each side of the composition. One side of the composition might contain a dominant element, which could be balanced by a couple or more lesser focal points on the other side.
Which of the three levels of observation does the designer use qualitative analysis?In which of the three levels of observation does the designer use qualitative analysis? Detail. Qualitative analysis is used in the detail level of observation.
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When all units are identical except for position, the design principle is known as:
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