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Form of energy that produces light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes | Electricity |
Electricity travels in a circuit, when you switch on the appliance, the circuit is | Complete |
The flow of electricity along a conductor | Electric current |
Material that allows electricity to flow through it easily | Conductor |
The technical term for any electrically powered appliances | Load |
A material that does not allow the flow of electric current | Insulator |
Unit of electrical strength | Amp |
Unit of electric pressure | Volt |
Unit of electric resistance | Ohm |
Measure of electrical energy being used | Watt |
The application of electrical currents during a treatment to the skin | Electrotherapy |
Flow of electricity along a conductor is called | Electric current or modality |
Constant current in which electrons move at an even rate and flow in only one direction | Direct current or DC |
Rapid oscillating cycle that alternates back and forth, allowing electrons to flow first in one direction and then the other | Alternating current or AC |
Rapid oscillating cycle that alternates back and forth, allowing electrons to flow first in one direction and then the other-the number of times this cycling occurs per second is called what | Frequency |
Special instrument used to transform DC to AC | Converter |
Special instrument used to transform AC to DC | Rectifier |
Indicates the number of cycles per second that a generator alternates current | Hertz rating |
Materials that transport electricity easily are called | Conductors |
Silver, copper, aluminum, other metals, carbon, and water | Examples of conductors |
Conductors are safely contained in what | Insulators |
Examples of insulators | Silk, dry air, plastic, rubber, wood, glass, brick, cloth, certain liquids |
What stores electrochemical energy and converts it to electrical energy when a piece of equipment, or load, is connected and turned on | Battery |
Machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy | Generator |
Generators operate according to the principle of | Electromagnetic induction, discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831 |
Watts times Amps equals | Volts |
Unit of strength | Amp |
Unit of Pressure | Volt |
Unit of resistance | Ohm |
Measure of electricity used | Watt |
The number of electrons flowing through a particular line indicates | Amp rating |
The power that skin care equipment puts out is measured in | Milliamperes (1/1000th of an amp) |
What measures the amount of pressure exerted on electrons as they are being forced or pushed by the source | Volt or voltage * AC generators force or push 110 or 220 volts in a circuit |
The resistance to the motion of the electrons through a conductor is called an | Ohm rating |
1,000 watts equals one | Kilowatt *rate energy used is measured in Kilowatt hours |
The rating that means an appliance has been certified to operate safely under the conditions specified in the instructions | UL or Underwriter’s Laboratory |
For electricity to power any electric appliance, there needs to be a | Closed path or circuit |
When an appliance is turned off the circuit is what? | broken or called an open circuit |
Device that indicated th amount of current flowing through the equipment and regulates the amount with a dial or knob | Rheostat |
When more current flows though the electrical line that it is designed to carry is called an | Overload |
Occurs any time a conductor comes in contact with a wire carrying current to a load | Short Circuit |
When electricity passes through a small part of the body, and can cause burns and muscle contractions | Local Shock |
When electricity passes through the nervous system | General Shock or Electrocution |
Facial Treatments that require the use of electricity | Electrotherapy |
The flow of electricity along a conductor, which is equal to the ratio of voltage to resistance | Electrical Current or Modality |
4 Main types of currents used in Electrotherapy treatments | Galvanic, High Frequency (also called Tesla), Faradic and Sinusoidal |
Only constant direct current (DC) of low voltage and high amperage that produces and electro chemical effect | Galvanic Current |
Galvanic Current used to force water-solvable skin care products into the skin | Ionization |
Electrochemical effect that are produced during treatments using Galvanic current occur when | Current passes through particular acid (positively charged) or alkaline (negatively charged) solutions and/or by passing current through body tissues and fluids |
Special appliance used to convert the alternating current from the outlet to direct current for Galvanic Current | Rectifier |
The process of forcing water-based solution in to the skin by applying Galvanic Current to the solution is known as | Phoresis is *In the past, phoresis was commonly known as a method of skin bleaching |
2 types of Phoresis | Anaphoresis and cataphoresis |
Allows an alkaline solution to enter the skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and the negative pole of an electrode | Anaphoresis |
Type of phoresis often used in desincrustation | Anaphoresis |
Treatment in which blockages in the skin, such as clogged pores or blackheads, are broken down; also known as deep pore cleansing. Water-soluble solutions used are alkaline and have a negative charge. | Desincrustation |
Allows an acidic solution to enter the skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and the positive pole of an electrode | Cataphoresis |
This type of phoresis Often used in iontophoresis-a treatment in which the deeper layers of the epidermis are built up or nourished | Cataphoresis |
Treatment in which the deeper layers of the epidermis are built up or nourished. Water-soluble solutions used are acidic and have a positive charge; most often performed following extraction and prior to massage | Iontophoresis |
Benefits of Desincrustation using Anaphoresis | Softens tissue Expands Pores Increases blood flow and sensitivity |
Benefits of Iontophoresis using Cataphoresis | Penetrates a specific product into the skin Tightens and firms the tissue Contracts follicle walls Constricts blood vessels/decreases blood flow Soothes nerve endings & deceases sensitivity Creates antibacterial effect on the skin Relieves irritation |
Having the opposite poles in an electric current | Polarity |
What method of current is the ONLY way to alter the pH of the skin’s acid mantle to force nutrients deep into the epidermis | Galvanic Current |
The only direct current method | Galvanic Current |
3 types of alternating currents, which mean electrons move in a reverse pattern at a high frequency rate | High Frequency, Faradic, Sinusoidal |
Polarity only happens with which current | Galvanic Current |
Negatively charged electrode | Cathode |
Positively charged electrode | Anode |
Machine that switches the current from negative to positive or positive to negative | Polarity changer |
When the electrode held by the esthetician is in the positive mode, the reaction on the skin will be | Acidic |
When the electrode is switched to a negative polarity, the reaction on the skin will be | Alkaline |
An alkaline (negatively charged) solution is applied to the skin is called | Disincrustation |
An acidic (positively charged) solution is applied to the skin and the electrode of the Galvanic machine, held by the esthetician, will also be positively charged is called | Iontophoresis |
Also finish with the positive polarity, pulling away from the skin using negative polarity can leave the skin too alkaline, fostering an environment for bacteria to grow is when what concerning polarities are used | Both Polarities |
Alternating (or oscillating) current that can be adjusted to different voltages to produce heat | High Frequency Current (or Tesla Current) |
The process of forcing a water based solution into the skin by applying current to the solution | Phoresis |
Type of phoresis in which a negative electrode with a negatively charged alkaline solution is used to perform desincrustation | Anaphoresis |
Type of phoresis in which a positive electrode with a positively charged acidic solution is used to perform iontophoresis | Cataphoresis |
Treatment in which sebum is broken down or blackheads are liquefied, as in deep-pore cleansing | Desincrustation |
Treatment in which deep layers of the epidermis are built up or nourished | Iontophoresis |
Term given to the electrode held by the skin care specialist during a treatment | Active electrode |
Term used to describe the electrode held by the client | Inactive electrode |
Positive end of an electrode | Anode |
Negative end of an electrode | Cathode |
Sometimes known as the Violet-ray effect | High Frequency Current |
More oxygen allowed into the area therefore more ozone produced during high frequency is known as | Sparking |
Means the skin care specialist holds the electrode and applies it directly to the client’s face. | Direct High Frequency |
Used to treat oily skin with overall congestion | Direct High Frequency |
Means that the esthetician doesn’t not apply the current to the surface of the skin, instead the client hold the indirect electrode and the esthetician gently massages the clients skin while electrical current passes through eh esthetician’s hands | Indirect high frequency |
Known as a Viennese Massage, utilizes electrical current to relax the client | Indirect High Frequency |
Benefits: Stimulates surface tissue, creates heat on the surface of the skin, increases circulation and blood flow, drives the surface of the skin and excess sebum within the pores, heals existing papules and pustules, delivers a germicidal effect | Direct High Frequency |
Benefits: warms tissues, stimulates sebum production and secretion, induces relaxation | Indirect High Frequency |
Used to treat oily skin and results in a germicidal effect, skin care specialist uses an electrode in direct contact with the client’s skin | Direct High Frequency |
Used to relax the client, aid in the penetration of product and assist in massage for mature skin. Client holds electrode skin care specialists hands are in direct contact with the clients skin. Current turned off before the client returns the electrode | Indirect High Frequency |
Narrow space between the electrode and skin used to provide germicidal, healing and drying effect during either direct or indirect High frequency treatments | Sparking or Spark Gap |
Alternating current (AC) that is interrupted to produce a mechanical, non-chemical reaction | Faradic Current |
Passive form of exercise because it stimulates the muscle with the aid of a machine and current. Stimulation to the motor point of the muscle can accuse a muscle contraction that can actually be seen | Faradic Current |
Current that is soothing and relaxing and is believed to help preserve muscle tone | Faradic Current |
Esthetician places both electrodes in the clients skin, being certain that the electrodes never touch. Current is turned on slowly and increased. Currents treacle between 2 electrodes causing muscle stimulation. | Direct Faradic Current |
Esthetician wears a wristband with moistened electrode. Second electrode is wrapped in moist cotton and either held by client or placed beneath clients lower neck between shoulder.Facial massage with particular focus on motor points | Indirect Faradic Current |
Benefits: Stimulates muscles, improves blood circulation, improves muscle tone, increases glandular activity | Direct Faradic Current |
Benefits: Preserves muscle tone, improves circulation and provides relaxation | Indirect Faradic Current |
Alternating current (AC) that produces a mechanical effect, similar to the way Faradic Current produces muscle contractions. Penetrates more deeply and can provide greater stimulation to the treated area. | Sinusoidal Current |
Preferred treatment for middle aged and older clients, generally last no longer than 20 mintues | Sinusoidal Current |
Benefits: Deeper penetration, Greater stimulation to treated areas, Less irritation | Sinusoidal |
Max time for Galvanic Current | 6 minutes |
Max time for Direct High Frequency | 5 minutes |
Max time for Indirecte High Frequency | 7 minutes |
Max time for Sinusoidal Current | 30 minutes |
Produces beneficial effects on the body through the use of light rays or waves | Light Therapy |
Combination of radiation and heat energy creates | Light waves |
Transfer of heat energy through empty air space | Radiation |
Movement of electrons | Heat Energy |
When heat energy is transferred by radiation, these electrons move in wave-like patterns. These waves of electrons are called | Electromagnetic radiation |
The light that humans see | Visible light |
Light that cannot be seen | Invisible light |
Invisible light, either infrared or ultraviolet is used in | Light therapy treatments |
Combination of light | White light |
2 types of white light | Fluorescent and incandescent |
Economical and long-lasting light source | Fluorescent Light |
Light provided by ordinary light bulb producing red or warm tones | Incandescent light |
Closest substitute for natural sunlight | Incandescent light |
Invisible rays slightly longer than the wavelengths that produce the visible light rays seen as the color red | Infrared Rays *Can penetrate all layers of skin and affect muscle, bone, nerves and joints |
Invisible rays slightly shorter than wavelengths that produce the visible light rays seen as the color violet. | Ultraviolet Rays |
Light that produces heat | Infrared Light or IR |
Benefits: INcreases circulation Increases skin gland secretions Relaxes muscles Stimulates cell and tissue activity | Infrared light or IR |
Used by dermatologists on individuals with severe acne due to the light’s antibacterial effects | UV Light Treatments |
Actinic or cold rays, produce positive or negative effects on the skin depending on the exposure time. Produces Vitamin d which promotes healing. Germicidal and can kill bacteria | Ultraviolet light or UV light |
Ultraviolet rays that are beyond the ozone and have little effect on the exposure that the skin receives. | UVC rays |
Ultraviolet rays that we are exposed to most frequently from the sun. Penetrate the lower layers of the epidermis and stimulates the melanin production. Burn Rays | UVB rays |
Most frequently used in tanning booths. Penetrate beyond the epidermis to the dermis and destroy valuable protein substances, collagen and elastin fibers. Necessary for the synthesis of Vit. D | UVA rays |
Transfer of heat via direct contact | Conduction |
Transfer of heat via liquid or gas | Convection |
Transfer of heat through a vacuum | Radiation |
Mild heat relaxes the muscles and increased blood circulation. Intense heat destroys cells and tissues-thermal breakdown of the skin (called pyrolysis)is evident when a blister forms on burned skin | Thermal effects |
Push | Repulsion |
Pull | Attraction |
Created when electric current travels through a water-based solution (a liquid conductor) and onto the body. | Electrochemical effect |
The only current capable of productions electrochemical effects either relaxing or stimulation | Galvanic Current |
Conductor used to bring current from an appliance to the client’s skin | Electrode |
Metal rollers, the shape of tiny rolling pins. Rolled across face and neck with Galvanic Current Allows for product penetration over the entire face | Metal or Ionto Rollers |
Small metal ball used to reach certain smaller facial areas Rolled into small areas around nose, mouth and near eyes using Galvanic Current Increases product penetration into small, delicate areas of the face | Metal Ball |
Approximately 4” metal prongs the width of pinky finger Stroked across lines and crevices using Galvanic Current Promotes product penetration in delicate lines and crevices of the face | Metal Single-Prong Or Metal Double-Prong |
Small, thin metal electrode about the size of tweezer Stroked across smaller areas during Desincrustation using Galvanic Current Increases product penetration in small, clogged areas Dissolves sebum | Tweezer or Flat Head |
A soft, sponge-type mask that cover the entire face except eyes, nose and mouth Placed over entire face using Galvanic Current Promotes even product penetration over the entire face | Galvanic or Ionto Mask |
Glass electrode with a stem and comb shaped end Stroked in a back and forth movement on scalp during Direct High Frequency treatment Stimulates Scalp | Comb |
Glass electrode with a stem and rake-like shape at one end Stroked in a back and forth movement on scalp using Direct High Frequency Current Stimulates Scalp | Rake |
Metal electrode placed around client’s wrist Clamped around client’s wrist as inactive electrode during Galvanic Current Treatments An inactive electrode. Completes the flow of current in iontophoresis and Desincrustation | Wrist |
Glass electrode with a long steam and mushroom-like shape at the opposite end Used in circular, gliding motions across the entire face during Direct High Frequency Treatment Creates a germicidal effect on the skin | Mushroom |
Glass electrode shaped like a horseshoe Used in upward strokes on neck during Direct High Frequency treatment Produces heat and creates a germicidal effect on the skin of the neck | Horseshoe |
Glass electrode with spiral metal filament visible in the center approx 5” long and the width of a thumb Placed firmly in hand and held by client during Indirect High Frequency treatment Enhances product penetration and relaxation during massage | Indirect or Spiral |
Provides light and magnification | Magnifying lamp or loupe |
A measurement of the degree of magnification | Diopter |
Uses light an magnification to assist in thoroughly analyzing skin and highlighting various facial skin conditions. Uses UV or Black light to to colorize different areas of the skin to indicate different conditions | Wood’s Lamp |
Woods Lamp:Blue-white | Normal, healthy skin |
Woods Lamp: Bright Fluorescent | Hydrated skin |
Woods Lamp: Light violet | Dehydrated skin |
Woods Lamp: Purple Fluorescent | Thin skin without enough moisture (dehydrated) |
Woods Lamp: White Spots | Horny layer of the skin and dead cells |
Woods Lamp: WHite Fluorescent | Thick Corneum layer |
Woods Lamp: Yellow, Pink, Orange | Oily areas of the face and clogged pores |
Woods Lamp: Brown | Pigmentation, dark spots and sun damage |
Elaborate magnifying mirror/light that incorporates a black light | Skin Scope (dreamscape or skin scanner) |
THe most important piece of equipment in the facial treatment room. Device sprays lukewarm, diffused vapor mist onto the surface of the skin | Facial steamer or facial vaporizer |
Placement of the facial steamer | 16” from clients face and aimed at the chin for even distribution on the face for 3-5 minutes |
Acts like a miniature vacuum cleaner to aid in deep pore cleansing by drawing out dirt, impurities and sebum | Suction machine |
Automated spraying device | Spray machine |
Unique atomizer that allows for the application of various herbs, extracts or astringents to be applied to the skin in a very fine mist. | Electric Pulverizer Spray or Lucas Spray |
Features a handheld attachment with a small round burst suitable for the face and body; used to slough off dead skin cells Allows for superficial exfoliation and a more thorough cleansing of the skin | Rotating Brush Machine |
Used to achieve a light resurfacing of the epidermis; consists of a generator, 2 glass containers, plastic tubing and a hand piece Increases circulation; stimulates nerve endings; smooths lines & wrinkles, reduced hyperpigmentation & superficial scarring | Microdermabrasion Machine |
Features a combination of difference electrical units combined into one piece of equipment. Space saving and efficient | Multifunction Machine |
Applied over the face on top of a pre-cut terry cloth; produces warm, moist heat at a comfortable the pasture Softens skin; deepens product penetration; liquifies grease deposits; moisturizes dry skin | Electric Mask |
Hands/feet are slipped into heated mittens or boots with disposable plastic liners. Allows deeper penetration of products | Treatments mittens and booties |
Electric containers that melt blocks of paraffin wax used in face, hand, foot, body treatments Increases the rate of penetration of products; warms the skin | Paraffin heating unit |
Specially designed heating containers that melt wax for hair removal purposes Available in a variety of sizes; controllable tempature | Wax heating unit |
Heated cabinet with controllable temperature Keeps a supply of warm, moist towels ready to remove products from the skin | Hot Towel Cabinet |
When performing galvanic which electrode does the client hold and which does the esthetician hold?
You as the esthetician always holds the active electrode. Client holds the inactive electrode. Always have the probe in contact with the body before turning on the current.
Which electrode is held by a client to create a circuit?
indifferent electrode means the stainless steel bar held by the client during electrology treatments to complete current circuit with galvanic/electrolysis modality or with the use of a timer delay switch in automatic delivery epilators.
How does the galvanic machine work?
The galvanic machine converts the alternating current received from an electrical outlet into one direct current (direct current is just like the electricity from a battery). Electrons are then allowed to flow continuously in the same direction.
What is galvanic facial procedure?
What is a galvanic facial? A galvanic facial uses direct electrical current to introduce water-soluble substances into the surface of the skin. This helps to improve absorption and is obviously therefore great for dry or dehydrated skin.