Founded on March 5, 1897 in Washington, D.C. by 78-year-old Reverend Alexander Crummell, the American Negro Academy (ANA) was an organization of black intellectuals who through their scholarship and writing were dedicated to the promotion of higher education, arts, and science for African Americans as part of the overall struggle for racial equality. The American Negro Academy brought together persons of African ancestry from around the world and was the first society of blacks that would specifically promote the "Talented Tenth" ideas later articulated by founding member W.E.B. DuBois; the ANA consisted of those with backgrounds in law, medicine, literature, religion, and community activism. Their collective goal, however, was to "lead and protect their people" and to be a "weapon to secure equality and destroy racism."
Other sets by this creatorRead the excerpt from William A. Dunning's 1901 essay, in which he explains why Reconstruction failed.
"Before the last state was restored to the Union the process was well under way through which the resumption of control by the whites was to be effected. The tendency in this direction was greatly promoted by conditions within the Republican party itself. ... The personnel of the party was declining in character through the return to the North of the more substantial of the carpet-baggers, who found Southern conditions, both social and industrial, far from what they had anticipated, and through the very frequent instances in which the 'scalawags' ran to open disgrace.
"Along with this deterioration in the white element of the party, the negroes who rose to prominence and leadership were very frequently of a type which acquired and practiced the tricks and knavery rather than the useful arts of politics, and the vicious courses of these negroes strongly confirmed the prejudices of the whites. ... Not even the relative quiet and order that followed the triumph of the whites in these states were recognized as justifying the new regime."
Dunning's interpretation is now widely discredited. To understand why, select the statements below that demonstrate bias and false assumptions in his interpretation.
Recommended textbook solutionsU.S. History
1st EditionJohn Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen
567 solutions
America's History for the AP Course
9th EditionEric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self
961 solutions
America's History for the AP Course
8th EditionEric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self
470 solutions
Western Heritage Since 1300, AP Edition
12th EditionDonald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment
490 solutions
Recommended textbook solutionsU.S. History
1st EditionJohn Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen
567 solutions
America's History for the AP Course
8th EditionEric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self
470 solutions
America's History for the AP Course
8th EditionEric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self
470 solutions
By the People: A History of the United States, AP Edition
James W. Fraser
496 solutions