What solution dissolves the unexposed or unaffected silver halides during exposure?

During automatic processing, the proper order of steps are as follows:

Development, fixation, washing, & drying.

The proper developer action will only occur in a/an ___ solution.

In order for the correct amount of solution replenishment to occur in an automatic processor, radiographic films are normally processed: 

In most 90 second automatic processors, the developer temperature is critical and is usually maintained at about:

The addition of restrainers in the developer solutions will tend to prevent the development of unexposed silver bromide crystals, thus reducing:

The most commonly employed reducing agents used for automatic processing solutions are:

Hydroquinone & phenidone.

The stage of processing in which the latent image is converted into the manifest image is called:

Of the two common automatic processing reducing agents, the slower acting agent responsible for the darkest shades of density is:

A solution that is capable of giving up negative ions (electrons) is classified as a/an:

The control of emulsion swelling and reduction of emulsion scratches is accomplished by the addition of ____ into the processing solutions.

A preservatives is often added to automatic processing solution to prevent rapid chemical breakdown. The most common preservative is called:

The developing agents when places together have a chemical action stronger than the sum of the two working independently. This chemical action is termed:

The principal solvent used in all wet automatic processing solutions is:

The most common restrainer used in automatic processing solutions is:

Which of the following factors will affect the time that the film should be developed? 1. Base thickness 2. Developer activity 3. Developer temperature

The toe (lower density) portion of the characteristic curve is principally controlled by the reducing agent termed:

The conversion of the exposed silver halide crystals into the black metallic silver image is the primary function of the:

The principal causes of oxidation of the automatic developer solution is the exposure to:

The high pH values required for proper development are maintained by the addition of an activator such as:

The hardening agents (aldehydes) which are added to the automatic processing solutions also aid in the reduction of:

Under what conditions should x-ray film be stored?

Which of the following types of film will require a sheet of leader film to guide it through the processor? 1. Polaroid film. 2. Mammography film. 3. Roll film. 4. CT film.

Which chemical in the developer causes the film emulsion to swell? 1. Potassium bromide. 2. Sodium sulfite. 3. Hydroquinone. 4. Sodium carbonate.

Why does the manufacturer seal x-ray film in plastic containers?

To protect it from moisture.

Developer temperatures in 90 second automatic processors fall in which of the following ranges?

Reducing agents convert silver halide crystals into which of the following? 1. Potassium bromide. 2. Silver nitrate. 3. Black metallic silver. 4. Sensitivity specks.

Which of the following prevents the developer from reducing unexposed silver bromide crystals? 1. Activator 2. Restrainer 3. Solvent 4. Preservative.

Which of the following is true concerning the unexposed silver halide crystals? 1. They are unaffected by the developer. 2. They are removed by the fixer. 3. They represent the latent image.

Which of the following would be considered the most important factor in the developing process? 1. The temperature of the developer. 2. The amount of developer. 3. The number of films developed. 4. The brand of developer.

The temperature of the developer. 

Sodium sulfite is found in both the developer and fixer. What is its purpose?

Which of the following converts the invisible latent image into a visible manifest image? 1. Reducer. 2. Activator. 3. Preservative. 4. Hardener.

When is x-ray film most sensitive to safelight illumination?

Where would the expiration date for radiographic film be found?

On each individual box of film.

Which of the following is necessary while handling radiographic film? 1. Hands must be clean and dry. 2. Move film rapidly. 3. Handle film only in the center.

Which of the following is the correct automatic processing cycle?

What type of filter is used in darkroom safelights to produce a dark red illumination?

What is the function of the preservative in the developer and the fixer?

Prolong the life of the solutions.

Which of the following is an advantage of automatic film processing? 1. Less costly. 2. No need for darkroom techs. 3. Consistent radiographic quality. 4. Standardized development.

Standardized development. 

How high above the working area should a safelight be installed?

If safelight filter and distance are correct, what size bulb should be used?

What is the component of the developer solution responsible for the gray areas on the image?

Which is the component of the developer solution that controls fog during development?

Which component of the developer solution helps control the hardening of the emulsion?

What is the chemical in the developer solution that softens the emulsion?

What is the chemical in the developer solution that controls aerial oxidation?

What is the chemical in the developer solution responsible for the black tones on the image?

What is the reducing agent in the developer solution?

What is the preservative agent in the developer solution?

What is the restrainer in the developer solution?

What is the solvent in the developer solution?

What is the hardener in the developer solution?

What is the reducing agent in the developer solution?

What is the process that occurs in the developer solution as the chemistry adds an electron to the silver halide crystal?

Conversion of the latent to the manifest image is accomplished (completed) by:

The sequential order for processing radiographic film is:

Developing, fixing, washing, drying.

Which of the following solutions are responsible for reducing the exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver? 1. Ammonium thiosulfate. 2. Hydroquinone. 3. Phenidone.

The chemical responsible for maintaing the alkalinity of the developing solution is:

Assuming no other changes are made, decreasing the developer temperature would cause what effect on the film?

Under what environmental conditions should radiographic film be stored?

Temperature between 50-70 F and 40% and 60% relative humidity.

Safelight filters are chosen based on the:

Converts the silver bromide crystals to black metallic silver. Gives examples:

- Reducers. - Phenidone & Hydroquinone.

Holds back development of unexposed crystals; anti-foggin agent. "Starter solution". Give example.

Restrainer. Potassium bromide.

Provides alkalinity for reducing agents and swell the emulsion. Give example.

Accelerator. Sodium carbonate.

Controls emulsion swelling for better film transportation. Give example.

Hardener. Glutaraldehyde.

Liquid for dissolving chemicals. Give example.

Prevents rapid oxidation of the developing agents. Give example.

Preservative. Sodium sulfite. 

Development is governed by:

1. Time 2. Temperature. 3. Concentration (strength/activity).

If the TEMPERATURE of the developer is increased, then the TIME of development must be _______.

One processor serves several x-ray rooms. What are its benefits?

- Centralized. 1. Lower startup costs. 2. Better quality control. 3. Fewer operating costs. 4. Easier determination of patient care status.

One processor for every 2 x-ray rooms. What are its benefits?

- Decentralized. 1. Increases life span of processor. 2. Reduces amount of people traffic. 3. Saves RT steps. 4. Immediate check of films by RT. 5. Loss of film less frequent.

For wall shielding, it is lined with ____. How thick is it?

For the ventilation/room conditions of the processing area, the humidity should be ____%, and temperature ____ F.

What are the 2 types of low intensity filters?

For BLUE sensitive (par speed) film; has amber color filter.

For GREEN sensitive (Rare earth) film; has red color filter.

Increased sensitivity of a film to safelight illumination.

Loading and unloading film under normal room lighting conditions.

Daylight film processing.

What are the 2 types of daylight film processing?

1. Special equipment used to load and unload cassettes. 2. Cassetteless handling of films.

What 2 things happen during the Fixer process of the developer?

1. DISSOLVES SILVER from unexposed and undeveloped silver halide crystals from the emulsion. 2. HARDENS THE EMULSION to produce archival quality for storage.

Type of reducer that acts quickly. Controls density (Grays) on film; controls speed (sensitivity) of film; temperature sensitive.

Type of reducer which acts slowly. Controls contrast (builds up blacks) on film.

What is the main ingredient in dissolving the unexposed silver halide?

What solution removes unexposed silver halide from the surface of the film?

What chemical agent is responsible for clearing the unexposed silver halide crystals during film processing?

What solution is used to convert the light affected silver halides of the emulsion of the film into metallic silver which forms the visible image in the negative?