Sensation | the stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information to the brain |
Perception | the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information |
Absolute threshold | the smallest amount of a particular stimulus that can be detected |
Difference threshold | the minimum difference that an individual can detect between two stimuli |
Signal-detection theory | the idea that distinguishing sensory stimuli takes into account not only the strength of the stimuli but also such elements as setting adn one's physical state, mood, and attitudes |
Sensory adaptation | the process by which an organism becomes more sensitive to stimuli that are low in magnitude and less sensitive to stimuli that are constant |
Pupil | the opening in the center of the eye that adjusts to allow light to enter |
Lens | the transparent structure of the eye that focuses light on the retina |
Retina | the light-sensitive inner surface of the ye that contains the rods, cones, and neurons that process visual stimuli |
Photoreceptor | a neuron that reponds to light |
Blind spot | the part of the retina that contains no photoreceptors |
Visual acuity | keenness or sharpness of vision |
Complementary | the colors acrosss from each other on the color circle |
Afterimage | the visual sensation that occurs after the original stimulus has been removed |
Cochlea | the fluid-filled structure of the inner ear that transmits sound impulses to auditory nerve |
Auditory nerve | the cranial nerve that carries sound from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain |
Conductive deafness | hearing loss caused by damage to the middle ear, thus interfering with the transmission of sound waves to the cochlea |
Sensorineural deafness | dearness that results from damage to the auditory nerve |
Olfactory nerve | the nerve that transmits information about odors from olfactory receptors to the brain |
Gate theory | the suggestion that only a certain amount of information can be processed by the nervous system at a given time |
Kinesthesis | the sense that provides information about the position and movement of individual body parts |
Vestibular sense | the sense that provides information about the position of the body |
Closure | the tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure even when there are gaps in sensory information |
Proximity | the perceptual tendency to group together visual and auditory events that are near each other |
Similarity | the perceptual tendency to group together elements that seem alike |
Continuity | the perceptual tendency to group stimuli into continuous patterns |
Common fate | the tendency to perceive objects that are moving together as belonging together |
Stroboscopic motion | a visual illusion in which the perception of motion is generated by the presentation of a series of stationary images in rapid succession |
Monocular cue | a cue for distance that may be available to either eye alone |
Binocular cue | a visual cue for depth that requires the use of both eyes |
Retinal disparity | a binocular cue for perceiving depth based on the difference between the two images of an object that the retina received as the object moves closer or farther away |
Test
Prep
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74.The perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is calleda.interposition.b.perceptual set.c.proximity.d.closure.e.disparity.A75.Which factor appears to be important for the development of depth perception in
infancy?76.Which of the following is most helpful in perceiving the distance of objects far away
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from you?77.Distant trees were located closer to the top of the artist's canvas than were the nearby
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flowers. The artist was clearly using the distance cue known as
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D78.If we see two of the same object but one of them appears to be dimmer, we willinterpret the dimmer object as farther away. What is this monocular cue for depth called?a.color constancyb.interpositionc.proximityd.light and shadowe.continuityB79.The steadily increasing size of the retinal image of an approaching object is especially
important for perceiving the object's80.The quick succession of briefly flashed images in a motion picture produces
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81.When two adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession, we perceive a single
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light moving back and forth between them. This is called
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C82.The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating wavesof motion. This best illustratesa.relative motion.b.retinal disparity.c.the phi phenomenon.d.frequency theory.e.perceptual adaptation.B83.The Moon illusion can best be explained in terms of the relationship between
84.The Ames illusion involving two girls who are perceived as very different in size can
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best be explained in terms of
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