What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

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What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

2. Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E, Brozman M, Dávalos A, Guidetti D, et al, ECASS Investigators. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1317-1329.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

3. Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK, Eesa M, Rempel JL, Thornton J, et al, ESCAPE Trial Investigators. Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1019-1030.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

4. Jovin TG, Chamorro A, Cobo E, de Miquel MA, Molina CA, Rovira A, et al, REVASCAT Trial Investigators. Thrombectomy within 8 hours after symptom onset in ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2296-2306.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

5. Saver JL, Goyal M, Bonafe A, Diener HC, Levy EI, Pereira VM, et al, SWIFT PRIME Investigators. Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2285-2295.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

6. Berkhemer OA, Fransen PS, Beumer D, van den Berg LA, Lingsma HF, Yoo AJ, et al, MR CLEAN Investigators. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:11-20 Erratum in: N Engl J Med 2015;372:394

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

7. Campbell BC, Mitchell PJ, Kleinig TJ, Dewey HM, Churilov L, Yassi N, et al, EXTEND-IA Investigators. Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1009-1018.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

8. Nogueira RG, Jadhav AP, Haussen DC, Bonafe A, Budzik RF, Bhuva P, et al, DAWN Trial Investigators. Thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct. N Engl J Med 2018;378:11-21.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

9. Albers GW, Marks MP, Kemp S, Christensen S, Tsai JP, Ortega-Gutierrez S, et al, DEFUSE 3 Investigators. Thrombectomy for stroke at 6 to 16 hours with selection by perfusion imaging. N Engl J Med 2018;378:708-718.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

10. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, Adeoye OM, Bambakidis NC, Becker K, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2019;50:e344-e418 Erratum in: Stroke 2019;50:e440-e441.

11. Liebeskind DS. Collaterals in acute stroke: beyond the clot. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2005;15:553-573.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

12. Shuaib A, Butcher K, Mohammad AA, Saqqur M, Liebeskind DS. Collateral blood vessels in acute ischaemic stroke: a potential therapeutic target. Lancet Neurol 2011;10:909-921.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

13. Molina CA. Futile recanalization in mechanical embolectomy trials: a call to improve selection of patients for revascularization. Stroke 2010;41:842-843.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

14. Wufuer A, Wubuli A, Mijiti P, Zhou J, Tuerxun S, Cai J, et al. Impact of collateral circulation status on favorable outcomes in thrombolysis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med 2018;15:707-718.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

15. Wintermark M, Rowley HA, Lev MH. Acute stroke triage to intravenous thrombolysis and other therapies with advanced CT or MR imaging: pro CT. Radiology 2009;251:619-626.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

16. Köhrmann M, Schellinger PD. Acute stroke triage to intravenous thrombolysis and other therapies with advanced CT or MR imaging: pro MR imaging. Radiology 2009;251:627-633.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

17. Na DG, Sohn CH, Kim EY. Imaging-based management of acute ischemic stroke patients: current neuroradiological perspectives. Korean J Radiol 2015;16:372-390.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

18. Schlemm L, Endres M, Werring DJ, Nolte CH. Benefit of intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients with high cerebral microbleed burden. Stroke 2020;51:232-239.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

19. Charidimou A, Shoamanesh A, International META-MICROBLEEDS Initiative. Clinical relevance of microbleeds in acute stroke thrombolysis: comprehensive meta-analysis. Neurology 2016;87:1534-1541.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

20. Grotta JC, Chiu D, Lu M, Patel S, Levine SR, Tilley BC, et al. Agreement and variability in the interpretation of early CT changes in stroke patients qualifying for intravenous rtPA therapy. Stroke 1999;30:1528-1533.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

21. Barber PA, Demchuk AM, Zhang J, Buchan AM. Validity and reliability of a quantitative computed tomography score in predicting outcome of hyperacute stroke before thrombolytic therapy. ASPECTS study group. Alberta stroke programme early CT score. Lancet 2000;355:1670-1674 Erratum in. Lancet 2000;355:2170

22. Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, Dippel DW, Mitchell PJ, Demchuk AM, et al, HERMES collaborators. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet 2016;387:1723-1731.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

23. Purushotham A, Campbell BC, Straka M, Mlynash M, Olivot JM, Bammer R, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient threshold for delineation of ischemic core. Int J Stroke 2015;10:348-353.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

24. Zaro-Weber O, Moeller-Hartmann W, Heiss WD, Sobesky J. Maps of time to maximum and time to peak for mismatch definition in clinical stroke studies validated with positron emission tomography. Stroke 2010;41:2817-2821.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

25. Cereda CW, Christensen S, Campbell BCV, Mishra NK, Mlynash M, Levi C, et al. A benchmarking tool to evaluate computer tomography perfusion infarct core predictions against a DWI standard. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016;36:1780-1789.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

26. Davis SM, Donnan GA, Parsons MW, Levi C, Butcher KS, Peeters A, et al, EPITHET investigators. Effects of alteplase beyond 3 h after stroke in the echoplanar imaging thrombolytic evaluation trial (EPITHET): a placebo-controlled randomised trial. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:299-309.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

27. Thomalla G, Boutitie F, Fiebach JB, Simonsen CZ, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, et al, WAKE-UP Investigators. Stroke with unknown time of symptom onset: baseline clinical and magnetic resonance imaging data of the first thousand patients in wake-up (efficacy and safety of MRI-based thrombolysis in wake-up stroke: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial). Stroke 2017;48:770-773.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

28. Odland A, Særvoll P, Advani R, Kurz MW, Kurz KD. Are the current MRI criteria using the DWI-FLAIR mismatch concept for selection of patients with wake-up stroke to thrombolysis excluding too many patients? Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2015;23:22

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

29. Broocks G, Leischner H, Hanning U, Flottmann F, Faizy TD, Schön G, et al. Lesion age imaging in acute stroke: water uptake in CT versus DWI-FLAIR mismatch. Ann Neurol 2020;88:1144-1152.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

30. Le Bras A, Raoult H, Ferré JC, Ronzière T, Gauvrit JY. Optimal MRI sequence for identifying occlusion location in acute stroke: which value of time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRA? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015;36:1081-1088.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

31. Ko HC, Ryu CW, Yun SJ, Koh JS, Shin HS, Kim EJ. Characteristic signs on T2*-based imaging and their relationship with results of reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and evidence to date. Neurointervention 2018;13:90-99.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

32. Menon BK, Smith EE, Modi J, Patel SK, Bhatia R, Watson TW, et al. Regional leptomeningeal score on CT angiography predicts clinical and imaging outcomes in patients with acute anterior circulation occlusions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:1640-1645.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

33. Menon BK, d’Esterre CD, Qazi EM, Almekhlafi M, Hahn L, Demchuk AM, et al. Multiphase CT angiography: a new tool for the imaging triage of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Radiology 2015;275:510-520.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

34. Berkhemer OA, Jansen IG, Beumer D, Fransen PS, van den Berg LA, Yoo AJ, et al, MR CLEAN Investigators. Collateral status on baseline computed tomographic angiography and intra-arterial treatment effect in patients with proximal anterior circulation stroke. Stroke 2016;47:768-776.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

35. Jadhav AP, Diener HC, Bonafe A, Pereira VM, Levy EI, Baxter BW, et al, SWIFT PRIME investigators. Correlation between clinical outcomes and baseline CT and CT angiographic findings in the SWIFT PRIME trial. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017;38:2270-2276.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

36. Faizy TD, Kabiri R, Christensen S, Mlynash M, Kuraitis GM, Broocks G, et al. Favorable venous outflow profiles correlate with favorable tissue-level collaterals and clinical outcome. Stroke 2021;52:1761-1767.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

37. Roh HG, Kim EY, Kim IS, Lee HJ, Park JJ, Lee SB, et al. A novel collateral imaging method derived from time-resolved dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography in acute ischemic stroke: a pilot study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019;40:946-953.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

38. Kim HJ, Lee SB, Choi JW, Jeon YS, Lee HJ, Park JJ, et al. Multiphase MR angiography collateral map: functional outcome after acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke. Radiology 2020;295:192-201.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

39. Lee TJ, Roh HG, Kim JH, Lee SB, Park JJ, Lee HJ, et al. Collateral and permeability imaging derived from dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR angiography in prediction of PH 2 hemorrhagic transformation after acute ischemic stroke: a pilot study. Neuroradiology 2021;63:1471-1479.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

40. Lee HJ, Roh HG, Lee SB, Jeon YS, Park JJ, Lee TJ, et al. Collateral estimation by susceptibility-weighted imaging and prediction of functional outcomes after acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2021;11:21370

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

41. Lu X, Meng L, Zhou Y, Wang S, Fawaz M, Wang M, et al. Quantitative susceptibility-weighted imaging may be an accurate method for determining stroke hypoperfusion and hypoxia of penumbra. Eur Radiol 2021;31:6323-6333.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

42. Jones TH, Morawetz RB, Crowell RM, Marcoux FW, FitzGibbon SJ, DeGirolami U, et al. Thresholds of focal cerebral ischemia in awake monkeys. J Neurosurg 1981;54:773-782.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

43. Marcoux FW, Morawetz RB, Crowell RM, DeGirolami U, Halsey JH Jr. Differential regional vulnerability in transient focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 1982;13:339-346.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

44. Hoving JW, Marquering HA, Majoie CBLM, Yassi N, Sharma G, Liebeskind DS, et al. Volumetric and spatial accuracy of computed tomography perfusion estimated ischemic core volume in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2018;49:2368-2375.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

45. Zaro-Weber O, Moeller-Hartmann W, Heiss WD, Sobesky J. The performance of MRI-based cerebral blood flow measurements in acute and subacute stroke compared with 15O-water positron emission tomography: identification of penumbral flow. Stroke 2009;40:2413-2421.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

46. Labeyrie MA, Turc G, Hess A, Hervo P, Mas JL, Meder JF, et al. Diffusion lesion reversal after thrombolysis: a MR correlate of early neurological improvement. Stroke 2012;43:2986-2991.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

47. Boers AMM, Jansen IGH, Beenen LFM, Devlin TG, San Roman L, Heo JH, et al. Association of follow-up infarct volume with functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke: a pooled analysis of seven randomized trials. J Neurointerv Surg 2018;10:1137-1142.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

48. Albers GW. Late window paradox. Stroke 2018;49:768-771.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

49. Boisseau W, Fahed R, Lapergue B, Desilles JP, Zuber K, Khoury N, et al, ETIS Investigators. Predictors of parenchymal hematoma after mechanical thrombectomy: a multicenter study. Stroke 2019;50:2364-2370.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

50. Mokli Y, Pfaff J, Dos Santos DP, Herweh C, Nagel S. Computer-aided imaging analysis in acute ischemic stroke - background and clinical applications. Neurol Res Pract 2019;1:23

What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?
What is the maximum time from last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis can be performed?

What is the max time from the last known normal when intra arterial thrombolysis?

The time from last seen normal to treatment with intravenous alteplase should be under 3 hours for eligible patients with the use of standard eligibility criteria.

What is the maximum time from last known normal when endovascular therapy can be performed?

Conclusions. For acute stroke patients, the late and the unknown time window of up to 24 hours after last seen normal is now open for treatment with intravenous as well as with endovascular reperfusion therapies.

What is the time frame for thrombolysis?

Thrombolysis is the treatment of choice for acute stroke within 3 hours after symptom onset. Treatment beyond the 3-hour time window has not been shown to be effective in any single trial; however, meta-analyses suggest a somewhat less but still significant effect within 3 to 6 hours after stroke.

Why is tPA not given after 4.5 hours?

Although beneficial within 4.5 hours of stroke onset, administering recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) beyond that window appears to increase the risk of dying, a pooled analysis of eight clinical trials showed.