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Recommended textbook solutions American Government1st EditionGlen Krutz 412 solutions Politics in States and Communities15th EditionSusan A. MacManus, Thomas R. Dye 177 solutions American Corrections11th EditionMichael D. Reisig, Todd R. Clear 160 solutions Criminal Justice in America9th EditionChristina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole 105 solutions Recommended textbook solutionsAmerican Government1st EditionGlen Krutz 412 solutions Politics in States and Communities15th EditionSusan A. MacManus, Thomas R. Dye 177 solutions
Politics in States and Communities15th EditionSusan A. MacManus, Thomas R. Dye 177 solutions American Corrections11th EditionMichael D. Reisig, Todd R. Clear 160 solutions Terms in this set (50)A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics. Sets with similar termsRecommended textbook solutionsAmerican Government1st EditionGlen Krutz 412 solutions Criminal Justice in America9th EditionChristina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole 105 solutions American Corrections11th EditionMichael D. Reisig, Todd R. Clear 160 solutions Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition16th EditionGeorge C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry 269 solutions
From American Government, 10th Edition. NOTE: Due to time constraints, this guide will not be nearly as detailed as my usual guides. Terms in this set (75)Bureaucracy A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials.
Complex In terms of a bureaucracy, by _________, the book means that authority is divided among several managers; no one person is able to make all the decisions. Laissez-faire An economic theory that government should not regulate or interfere with commerce. In the earliest days of the bureaucracy, it was believed that the proper role of government in the economy was to promote a commitment to this. Discretionary Authority The extent to which appointed bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies that are not spelled out in advance by laws. The power of the bureaucracy depends on the extent to which appointed officials have this. Competitive Service The government offices to which people are appointed on the basis of merit (not patronage), as ascertained by a written exam or by applying certain selection criteria. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) Who administers the written examination required to be appointed to an office that uses competitive service? Name-request Job A job that is filled by a person whom an agency has already identified. Iron Triangle A close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group. Issue Network A network of people in Washington D.C.-based interest groups, on congressional staffs, in universities and think tanks, and in the mass media, who regularly discuss and advocate public policies. Hugh Heclo describes today's typical government agency today as being embedded not in an iron triangle, but in this. Authorization Legislation Legislative permission to begin or continue a government program or agency. Appropriation A legislative grant of money to finance a government program or agency. Trust Funds Funds for government programs that are collected and spent outside the regular government budget (Social Security is the largest). Committee Clearance The ability of a congressional committee to review and approve certain agency decisions in advance and without passing a law. Legislative Veto The authority of Congress to block a presidential action after it has taken place. The Supreme Court has held that Congress does not have this power. Red Tape Complex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done. 3 Distinctive Features of the United States Bureaucracy 1) Political authority over the bureaucracy is not in one set of hands (like in a parliament) but is shared among several institutions, and both the president and the Congress have authority over it. Executive; Legislative Every senior appointed official of the bureaucracy has /at least/ two masters:one in the __________ and the other in the ____________. Department of State; Secretary of State in the first Congress, in 1789, James Madison introduced the bill that created the ______________ to assist the new ____________. Here people would be nominated by the president and approved by the Senate, but were "to be removable by the president." 4 Important Qualities Presidents Should Look for When Appointing Bureaucratic Officials 1) Political ideology of the official Patronage Although it was mostly a negative concept, here are some benefits of ________: Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) The federal government did not regulate the economy in any large way until the ______________ was created in 1887. Department of Agriculture (1862); Department of Labor (1882); Department of Commerce (1903); National Bureau of Standards Four bureaucratic agencies that came into being from 1861 to 1903. A belief in limited government; the importance of states' rights; The fear of concentrated discretionary power Between 1861, bureaucratic officials primarily served a /service role/ because the values that had shaped the Constitution were still strong: these included... (3 things) War A major cause of recurring growth in the number of federal employees working in the bureaucracy. This is partially the cause of the transition away from federal officials primary role being that of service. The Reindeer Service in Alaska In 1944, this agency of the Interior Department, asked for more employees because ***** are "a valued asset in military planning." The Great Depression; World War II Today's bureaucracy is largely a product of these two events. World War II This was the first occasion during which the government made heavy use of federal income taxes (on individuals /and/ corporations) to finance its activities. $44 Billion Between 1940 and 1945, total federal tax collections increase from about $5 billion to nearly __________. 16th Amendment This amendment, ratified in 1913, allowed the federal government to collect income taxes.
9/11 In addition to the Great Depression and World War II, what may turn out to be a third major event to completely change the bureaucracy? Three There are ______ people earning their living indirectly from the federal government for every one earning it directly. Three areas where Congress has delegated substantial authority to administrative agencies 1) Paying subsidies to particular groups and organizations in society Four factors that may explain the behavior of bureaucratic officials 1) The
manner in which they are recruited and rewarded. 86; 54 In 1952 more than ____ percent of all federal employees were civil servants hired by the competitive service; by 1996 that figure had fallen to less than ____ percent. Three factors that caused the fall of the competitive service system 1) The old OPM system was cumbersome and often not relevant to the complex needs of departments. Excepted Service Employees hired outside the competitive service are part of the _____________, which now makes up almost half of all workers. However, only 3% are appointed on grounds other than or in addition to merit (they just go about it a different way). 3 Kinds of excepted employee appointments so the president can select people in agreement with his policy views 1) Presidential appointments authorized by statute (cabinet/subcabinet officers, judges, U.S. Marshals and Attorneys, Ambassadors, and members of various boards and commissions). The Pendleton Act Passed by the Republicans in 1883, this began a transition from the patronage system to the merit system. Two factors that made it possible for the Republicans to pass the Pendleton Act 1) Public outrage over the abuses of the spoils system, high-lighted by the assassination of President James Garfield by a man always described in the history books as a "disappointed
office seeker." Buddy System The ______________ makes heavy use of name-request jobs. Old boys'/girls' networks These networks exist among those who move in and out of high-level government posts. Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 With the passage of the ______________, Congress recognized that many high-level positions in the civil service have important policy-making responsibilities and that the president and his cabinet officers ought to have more flexibility in recruiting, assigning, and paying such people. Senior Executive Service (SES) The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 created the ___________, about eight thousand top federal managers who can be hired, fired, and transferred more easily than ordinary civil servants. The six procedures that must be followed to fire or demote a bureaucrat 1) The employee but have a written notice at least 30 days in advance, with reasons for firing/demotion being
incompetence or misconduct. Pros and cons of the Agency Point of View Pros: Most top-tier bureaucrats are experts in the procedures and policies of their agencies and there is a substantial degree of continuity in agency behavior no matter which political party happens to be in power. Cons: A political executive entering an agency with responsibility for shaping its direction must carefully win the support of career subordinates, because unhappy subordinates can delay action, withhold information, follow the rule book with literal exactness, or circumvent the superior and mobilize sympathetic members of Congress to threaten the executive's job. 57; 76; 88 In a 1998 survey, __ percent of average citizens, versus ____ percent of career bureaucrats and ___ percent or Clinton administration appointees, described themselves as progovernment. Carry out the policies of their superiors even when the personally disagree with them. Bureaucrats have essentially immune jobs, and could get away with sabotaging their superiors on just about anything. Most bureaucrats try to ___________________________________. Whistle Blower Protection Act This law, passed in 1989, created the Office of Special Counsel, charged with investigating complaints from bureaucrats that they were punished after reporting to Congress about waste, fraud, or abuse in their agencies. Loosely Structured Personal attitudes greatly affect ___________ roles (like voting). Highly Structured Personal attitudes do not really affect _____________ roles (tasks that are routinized, closely defined by laws and rules, or closely monitored by others. Culture of an Agency How government bureaucratic jobs are spelled out not only by the laws, rules, and routines of the agency, but also by the /informal understandings/ among fellow employees as to how they are supposed to act. Career enhancing Jobs that are ____________ are part of the culture, unlike jobs that are not, or NCE. Administrative Procedure Act (1946) A constraint on agencies. Before adopting a new rule or policy, an agency must give notice, solicit comments and (often) hold hearings. Freedom of Information Act (1966) A constraint on agencies. Citizens have the right to inspect all government records except those containing military, intelligence, or trade secrets or revealing private personnel actions. National Environmental Policy Act (1969) A constraint on agencies. Before undertaking any major action affecting the environment, an agency must issue an environmental impact statement. Privacy Act (1974) A constraint on agencies. Government files about individuals, such as Social Security and tax records, must be kept confidential. Open Meeting Law (1976) A constraint on agencies. Every part of every agency meeting must be open to the public unless certain matters (like military/trade secrets) are being discussed. The effects of constraints 1) The government will often act slowly. The more constraints, the slower. Archeson's Rule A memorandum is written not to inform the reader but to protect the writer. Boren's Laws 1) When in doubt, mumble. Chapman's Rules of Committees 1) Never arrive on time, or you will be stamped a beginner. Meskimen's Law There's never time to do it right but always time to do it over. Murphy's Law If anything can go wrong, it will. O'Toole's Corollary to Murphy's Law Murphy was an optimist. Parkinson's First Law Work expands to fill the time available for its completion. Parkinson's Second Law Expenditure rises to meet income. Peter Principle In every hierarchy, each employee tends to rise to his level of incompetence; thus, every post tends to be filled by an incompetent employee. Robertson's Rule The more directives you issue to solve a problem, the worse it gets. Smith's Principle Never do anything for the first time. Client politics The reciprocal benefits of the iron triangle are an example of these. Three ways in which Congressional supervision of the bureaucracy exists 1) No agency may exist
without congressional approval. House Appropriations Committee Appropriations originate not with the legislative committees but with the.... Three factors in the decline of the power of the appropriations committees 1) Congress has created trust funds to pay for the benefits many people receive. 5 basic problems with bureaucracies 1) Red tape National Performance Review (NPR) The latest of 11 major attempts to reform the bureaucracy, this was led by Vice President Al Gore. It emphasized customer satisfaction (the "customers" being citizens who come into contact with federal agencies). Sets with similar termsAP Government Ch.1527 terms tatomley Concept list chapter 15 AP Governemnt47 terms Makay_boo ch2560 terms angelaboongela Ap gov The Bureaucracy74 terms adenaallen Sets found in the same folderAP GOV CHAPTER 1528 terms danielle_sherman Chapter 16 - the Judiciary56 terms Blind23 The Bureaucracy abcdef74 terms BeachGirl46 Chapter 14 - The Presidency92 terms Blind23 Other sets by this creatorM401 Exam #1 Review18 terms Blind23 P-155 Chapter 13 Notes42 terms Blind23 PSY-P155 Chapter 2 Key Terms23 terms Blind23 Ch. 10 P155 Notes23 terms Blind23 Verified questions
US GOVERNMENT Referencing the Civil Rights Cases, 1883, and Jones v. Mayer, 1968, show how the Court's interpretation of the 13th Amendment has evolved over the years. Verified answer
US GOVERNMENT What is the key constitutional clause that lies behind most of the implied powers of Congress? Verified answer
US GOVERNMENT Write a paragraph explaining the constitutional powers of the national government. Describe how expressed, implied, and inherent powers differ and give examples of each. Verified answer
US GOVERNMENT Evaluate constitutional provisions for limiting the role of government, including individual rights. Write a paragraph evaluating constitutional provisions for limiting the role of government with regard to voting rights . Consider the following questions: How does the Constitution limit the Federal Government's role in setting suffrage qualifications? How does the Constitution limit State governments' role in setting suffrage qualifications? Verified answer Recommended textbook solutionsAmerican Government1st EditionGlen Krutz 412 solutions Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition16th EditionGeorge C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry 269 solutions
American Corrections11th EditionMichael D. Reisig, Todd R. Clear 160 solutions Criminal Justice in America9th EditionChristina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole 105 solutions Other Quizlet setsBureaucracy & Presidency71 terms runda AP Gov Ch. 1322 terms wherearetheturtles12 Ap government bureaucracy16 terms RyanVanDusen The Bureaucracy-Abigail Colvin B. 768 terms ascshs17 Related questionsQUESTION what percentage of both houses of congress is necessary to pass a constitutional amendment? ratify? 3 answers QUESTION This legislation passed by Congress outlawed segregation in public facilities and racial discrimination in employment, education, and voting. It also created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. 3 answers QUESTION True/False - Evidence that the police acquire by illegal seizures may be presented in court, according to the Fourth Amendment. 4 answers QUESTION Which Amendment prevents unwarranted searches and seizures? 13 answers How did the political patronage system as practiced during Andrew Jackson's administration lay the foundation for the modern federal bureaucracy?How did the political patronage system, as practiced during Andrew Jackson's administration, lay the foundation for the modern federal bureaucracy? Patronage resulted in the continual shuffling of people in and out of administrative positions, which necessitated the standardization of bureaucratic procedures.
When it was developed during the Jackson administration the patronage system was designed to?As the seventh president of the United States, Democrat Andrew Jackson (1829–1837) sought to bring the government closer to the people and make it more representative. During this era of reform and “Jacksonian Democracy,” the spoils system flourished by using political patronage to reward jobs to the partisan faithful.
On what does the power of the bureaucracy depend quizlet?The power of the bureaucracy depends on the extent to which appointed officials have this. The government offices to which people are appointed on the basis of merit (not patronage), as ascertained by a written exam or by applying certain selection criteria.
How were government appointments made before 1883?The correct answer is: C. appointments were made to political supporters as part of a spoils system. This is exactly the issue that this act was looking to eliminate. Once it was passed, it ensured that only meritorious appointments would be made to the federal bureaucracy.
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What did government positions based on the patronage system mostly rely on? quizlet
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