NCHS Data Brief No. 380, September 2020 Show
PDF Versionpdf icon (703 KB) | Visual Abstract Key findingsData from the National Health Interview Survey
In 2018, about 19% of adults experienced any mental illness in the past year, defined as having any mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder in the past year that met criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, or DSM–IV, excluding developmental or substance use disorders (1,2). This report describes the percentage of U.S. adults who have taken prescription medication for their mental health or have received counseling or therapy from a mental health professional in the past 12 months by select characteristics, based on data from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Estimates are also presented for any mental health treatment, defined as having taken medication for mental health, received counseling or therapy, or both in the past 12 months. Keywords: medication, counseling and therapy, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) The percentage of adults who had received any mental health treatment varied by age group.Figure 1. Percentage of adults aged 18 and over who had received any mental health treatment, taken medication for their mental health, or received counseling or therapy from a mental health professional in the past 12 months, by age group: United States, 2019
1Significant quadratic trend by age group (p < 0.05). Women were more likely than men to have received any mental health treatment.
Figure 2. Percentage of adults aged 18 and over who had received any mental health treatment, taken medication for their mental health, or received counseling or therapy from a mental health professional in the past 12 months, by sex: United States, 2019
1Significantly different from women (p < 0.05). The percentage who had received any mental health treatment was highest among non-Hispanic white adults.
Figure 3. Percentage of adults aged 18 and over who had received any mental health treatment, taken medication for their mental health, or received counseling or therapy from a mental health professional in the past 12 months, by race and Hispanic origin: United States, 2019
1Significantly different from non-Hispanic white adults (p < 0.05). The percentage of adults who had received any mental health treatment varied by urbanization level.
Figure 4. Percentage of adults aged 18 and over who had received any mental health treatment, taken medication for their mental health, or received counseling or therapy from a mental health professional in the past 12 months, by urbanization level: United States, 2019
1Significant linear trend by urbanization level (p < 0.05). SummaryIn 2019, 19.2% of U.S. adults received any mental health treatment in the past 12 months, including 15.8% who had taken prescription medication for their mental health and 9.5% who had received counseling or therapy from a mental health professional. While the percentage of adults who had taken medication for their mental health increased with age, the percentage who had received counseling or therapy decreased with age. Women were more likely than men to have received any treatment for their mental health, consistent with the higher prevalence of common mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression, seen among women (3) as well as an increased willingness to seek mental health care (4). Receipt of any mental health treatment was higher among non-Hispanic white adults compared with non-Hispanic black and Hispanic adults. While the percentage of adults who had received counseling or therapy decreased as level of urbanization decreased, the percentage who had taken medication for their mental health increased with decreasing urbanization level. The findings shown are consistent with previous studies regarding differences by age in medication use and receipt of mental health care (4,5), disparities by race and ethnicity (6), and differences by urbanization level. Past research has shown that nonmetropolitan, or more rural, counties have a lower supply of mental health professionals per capita (7) but a higher prevalence of adults who had experienced a mental illness compared with metropolitan, or more urban, counties (8). DefinitionsAny mental health treatment: A composite measure of adults who reported having taken medication for their mental health, received counseling or therapy from a mental health professional, or both in the past 12 months. Race and Hispanic origin: Adults categorized as Hispanic may be of any race or combination of races. Adults categorized as non-Hispanic white or non-Hispanic black indicated one race only. Received therapy or counseling, past 12 months: Based on a positive response to the question, “During the past 12 months, did you receive counseling or therapy from a mental health professional such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, psychiatric nurse, or clinical social worker?” Taken medication for mental health, past 12 months: Sample adults were asked how often they felt worried, nervous, or anxious, followed by the question, “Do you take prescription medication for these feelings?” They were also asked how often they felt depressed, followed by, “Do you take prescription medication for depression?” Those who answered that they did not take medication for feelings of either anxiety or depression (or who did not know or refused to answer these two questions) were later asked, “During the past 12 months, did you take prescription medication to help you with any other emotions or with your concentration, behavior, or mental health?” Adults who responded positively to any of these three questions were considered to have taken medication for their mental health in the past 12 months. Urbanization level: Metropolitan size and status was determined using the 2013 NCHS urban–rural classification scheme for counties (9), by merging the geographic federal information processing standard (FIPS) codes for the county of household residence with the county-level FIPS codes from the classification scheme’s data set. Large metropolitan includes large central and large fringe metropolitan counties. Medium or small metropolitan includes medium and small metropolitan counties. Nonmetropolitan includes micropolitan and noncore counties Data source and methodsData from the 2019 NHIS were used for this analysis. NHIS is a nationally representative household survey of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. It is conducted continuously throughout the year by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Interviews are conducted in respondents’ homes, but follow-ups to complete interviews may be conducted over the telephone. For more information about NHIS, visit: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm. Point estimates and the corresponding confidence intervals for this analysis were calculated using SUDAAN software (10) to account for the complex sample design of NHIS. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significance tests at the 0.05 level. Trends by age group and urbanization level were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials in logistic regression. All estimates meet NCHS data presentation standards for proportions (11). About the authorsEmily P. Terlizzi and Benjamin Zablotsky are with the National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics. References
Suggested citationTerlizzi EP, Zablotsky B. Mental health treatment among adults: United States, 2019. NCHS Data Brief, no 380. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2020. Copyright informationAll material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission; citation as to source, however, is appreciated. National Center for Health StatisticsBrian C. Moyer, Ph.D., Director Division of Health Interview StatisticsStephen J. Blumberg, Ph.D., Director |