Show
Master Respiratory Alkalosis Assessment with Picmonic for Nursing RNWith Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing.DOWNLOAD PDFRecommended PicmonicsRespiratory Alkalosis AssessmentRespirator Elk-loser and Assess-man Respiratory alkalosis is an acid base imbalance marked by decreased levels of blood carbon dioxide with subsequent increases in pH. The direct cause is an increase in respiratory rate, which results in the excessive loss of CO2 on exhalation. Possible causes may include high altitude, aspirin toxicity, restrictive lung disease, pulmonary embolism, pregnancy, or anxiety. 11 KEY FACTS Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by an increase in pH above 7.45 and decreased PCO2 of less than 35. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by an increase in pH above 7.45 and decreased PCO2 of less than 35. An increased respiratory rate causes excessive loss of carbon dioxide. This may be caused by anxiety, stress, improper mechanical ventilation, salicylate overdose, as well as hypoxemia stimulation of the respiratory centers with high altitude exposure, high fever, or shock. Brainstem stimulation can result in acid-base imbalances as the respiratory center is located in the medulla in the brainstem. The respiratory center controls the rate of excretion of CO2 by stimulating an increased rate and depth of breathing when increased amounts of CO2 or H+ are present, and vice versa. When the respiratory system loses its ability to correct a pH alteration, an acid-base imbalance occurs. Head injury may cause damage to the brainstem, which can lead to pathologic respirations. This affects the body’s ability to correct acid-base imbalances. Shock states, can lead to decreased blood volume and perfusion, leading to increased respiratory drive. This translates into an increased respiratory rate, which causes CO2 to blow off rapidly, leading to respiratory alkalosis.
Low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood can lead to feeling lightheaded or dizzy. Patients may experience numbness or tingling of the lips, hands, or feet. Because respiratory alkalosis causes a decrease in ionized calcium, Trousseau’s sign may be observed. To test for this, begin by placing a blood pressure cuff around the upper arm, inflate the cuff to greater than the patient’s systolic pressure, and keep it inflated for 1-4 minutes. Under these hypoxic conditions, a positive Trousseau’s sign occurs when the hand and fingers go into spasm in palmar flexion. Because respiratory alkalosis causes a decrease in ionized calcium, Chvostek’s sign may be observed. To test for this, tap directly on the facial nerve in front of the mastoid bone to trigger facial twitching of one side of the mouth, nose, and check. Twitching of the facial muscles is a positive sign of hypocalcemia. An acute anxiety attack can result in a rapid and severe hyperventilation respiratory response which can result in significant amounts of CO2 loss and quick onset of alkalosis. The patient may also begin to experience tachycardia due to the anxiety. DOWNLOAD PDFTake the Respiratory Alkalosis Assessment QuizPicmonic's rapid review multiple-choice quiz allows you to assess your knowledge. Picmonic for Nursing RN CoversRegistered Nurse (RN) *Average video play time: 2-3 minutes Our Story Mnemonics Increase Mastery and RetentionMemorize facts with phonetic mnemonics Unforgettable characters with concise but impactful videos (2-4 min each) Ace Your Registered Nurse (RN) Classes & Exams with Picmonic:Choose the #1 Registered Nurse (RN) student study app.Works better than traditional Registered Nurse (RN) flashcards.NotesDescriptionAcid–base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body’s normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasmapH to deviate out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45). I. Respiratory AlkalosisRespiratory Alkalosis is an acid-base imbalance characterized by decreased partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide and increased blood pH Contributing Factors:
II. Respiratory AcidosisRespiratory Acidos is is an acid-base imbalance characterized by increased partial pressure of arterialcarbon dioxide and decreased blood pH. Contributing Factors:
III. Metabolic AlkalosisMetabolic Alkalosis is an acid-base imbalance characterized by excessive loss of acid or excessive gain of bicarbonate. Contributing Factors:
IV. Metabolic AcidosisMetabolic Acidosis is an acid-base imbalance resulting from excessive absorption or retention of acid or excessive excretion of bicarbonate. Contributing Factors:
image courtesy of : http://compepid.tuskegee.edu ExamMSN Exam for Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Problems (PM)Choose the letter of the correct answer. Good luck! Congratulations
- you have completed MSN Exam for Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Problems (PM). You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%. Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%% Your answers are highlighted below. Shaded items are complete.
Nursing Care PlansNursing Care Plan for Respiratory AlkalosisNursing Diagnosis
Desired Outcomes
Nursing Interventions
Nursing Care Plan for Respiratory AcidosisNursing Diagnosis
Desired Outcomes
Nursing Interventions
Nursing Care Plan for Metabolic AlkalosisThese are general interventions for patients with Metabolic Alkalosis. Desired Outcomes
Nursing Interventions
Administer medications as indicated: Correcting sodium, water, and chloride defects may be all that is needed to permit kidneys to excrete bicarbonate and correct alkalosis, but must be used with caution in patients with HF or renal insufficiency.
Nursing Care Plan for Metabolic AcidosisHere are general interventions for patients with metabolic acidosis. Desired Outcomes
Nursing Interventions
Administer medications as indicated:
What causes respiratory alkalosis with hypoxemia?Respiratory alkalosis is usually caused by over-breathing (called hyperventilation) that occurs when you breathe very deeply or rapidly. Causes of hyperventilation include: Anxiety or panic. Fever.
Is hypoxemia respiratory alkalosis?Respiratory alkalosis is due to hyperventilation, which may be stimulated by hypoxemia associated with pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, or severe anemia.
What happens in response to respiratory alkalosis?Acute respiratory alkalosis causes light-headedness, confusion, peripheral and circumoral paresthesias, cramps, and syncope. Mechanism is thought to be change in cerebral blood flow and pH.
Is hypoxemia acidosis or alkalosis?Hypoxia, depending upon its magnitude and circumstances, evokes a spectrum of mild to severe acid-base changes ranging from alkalosis to acidosis, which can alter many responses to hypoxia at both non-genomic and genomic levels, in part via altered hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) metabolism.
|