The distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to ________ theory of dreams.

Staying up especially late on weekends is most likely to have an influence on Answer narcolepsy. sleep apnea. the circadian rhythm. dissociation.

Internal biological clock

short and irregular waves

First stage of sleep when people start to feel relaxed adn the brain waves get slightly larger

The Brain enters NREM2 after about ____ minutes and people awakened during stage two ______

10 minutes, deny they were sleeping

NREM3 begins after ___ minutes and is the deepest sleep. The brain waves are called ____ waves. This is where ____ occur

People in REM sleep are easily awakened T or F?

A recurring sleep stage during which most vivid dreams commonly occur is known as ________ sleep. Answer NREM-1 NREM-2 NREM-3 REM

Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone Answer melatonin. ghrelin. leptin. serotonin.

Narcolepsy is associated with a relative absence of a hypothalamic neural center that produces Answer leptin. orexin. melatonin. THC.

Which of the following sleep disorders is most strongly associated with obesity? Answer narcolepsy insomnia night terrors sleep apnea

Freud believed that dreams contained symbols that revealed the _______ mind

Sleepwalking is most likely to be associated with ________ sleep. Answer NREM-1 NREM-2 NREM-3 REM

The distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to ________ theory of dreams. Answer the neural activation the information processing Freud's wish-fulfillment Hilgard's dissociation

Freud's wish- fullfillment

The most popular current theory about why dreams occur is activation synthesis

Dreams don't mean a thing

Chronic sleep deprivation is most likely to contribute to Answer weight loss. increased creativity. suppression of the immune system. decreased blood pressure.

suppression of the immune system

Which sleep disorder is most likely to be accompanied by sleepwalking and sleeptalking? Answer narcolepsy night terrors sleep apnea insomnia

Have you ever had a really strange dream and thought there must be some sort of hidden message behind it? Dream interpretation is based on the idea that the events of your dreams serve to disguise the real meaning of your dreams or the latent content.

The latent content refers to the symbolic meaning of a dream that lies behind the literal content of the dream. The hidden meaning of dreams played an important role in Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. He also believed that bringing the hidden meaning of a dream into conscious awareness could relieve psychological distress.

Types of Dream Content

According to Freud, the latent content of a dream is the hidden psychological meaning of the dream. This content appears in disguise symbolically and contains things that are hidden from conscious awareness, often because it may be upsetting or traumatic.

One of the goals of psychoanalysis was to analyze these symbols in order to understand unconscious wishes and needs. By bringing this information into conscious awareness, people could then find ways to cope with it.

Freud believed that the content of dreams is related to wish fulfillment and suggested that dreams have two types of content: manifest content and latent content. The manifest content is the actual literal subject matter of the dream while the latent content is the underlying meaning of these symbols.

To Freud and other psychoanalysts, the latent content of a dream mattered much more than the literal, manifest content. Freud believed that the mind was like an iceberg. Only a very small part of the iceberg is visible above the water—this visible part represents the conscious mind. Unseen under the surface of the water lies the enormous bulk of the iceberg, which represents the unconscious mind. Dreams, therefore, are one way of glimpsing what is hidden from awareness in the unconscious mind.

For example, imagine that you have a dream that you are naked in public. The actual storyline of the dream is the manifest content, but Freud would suggest that there is more to the dream than its literal meaning. He might interpret the dream to mean that you fear exposure, that you feel insecure, or that you fear other people will notice your shortcomings. This hidden meaning represents the latent content of the dream.

Dream interpretation has grown in popularity since Freud's time. While many popular theories of dreaming suggest that our dreams are largely a reflection of the hopes, fears, and experiences of our waking lives, dream interpreters continue to suggest that the latent content of dreams often holds symbolic meaning.

Understanding the Hidden Meaning of Dreams

Much of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory centered on helping people bring these hidden, unconscious thoughts and feelings into awareness. Freud believed that the latent content of a dream was suppressed and hidden by the subconscious mind to protect the person from thoughts and feelings that were hard to cope with.

While the mind hides these feelings in the unconscious and subconscious mind, such thoughts, fears, and desires still have a way of influencing conscious thoughts and behaviors. Freud believed that the contents of the unconscious could lead to problems and dysfunction.

By uncovering the hidden meaning of dreams, Freud believed that people could better understand their problems and resolve the issues that create difficulties in their lives. In Freud's psychoanalytic interpretation, dreams center on wish fulfillment. People dream about the things that they secretly wish and desire. Many of these urges might be inappropriate or shocking, so the mind disguises the hidden meaning in the manifest content of the dream.

By bringing the symbolic meaning to light, Freud believed that people could find relief from a variety of psychological afflictions.

How the Mind Censors Latent Content

Freud described a number of different defense mechanisms that the mind uses to censor the latent content of a dream, including displacement, projection, symbolization, condensation, and rationalization.

Displacement

Displacement involves replacing one thing with something else. In a dream, you might find yourself irrationally upset with a relatively trivial or seemingly harmless object or person. Freud would suggest that this object is simply a stand-in for the thing that is truly bothering you.

Projection

This defense mechanism involves placing your unacceptable feelings on someone else. For example, you might dream that someone in your life dislikes you, but in reality, you dislike them. This type of distortion reduces your anxiety by allowing you to express the feeling, but in a way that your ego does not recognize.

Symbolization

The symbolization process involves acting out the repressed urge in a symbolic act. Freud might interpret dreaming about smoking a cigarette or inserting a key into a car's ignition as having a sexual meaning.

Condensation

Condensation involves minimizing the representation of your hidden urges during the dream. Multiple dream elements might be combined into one single image that serves to disguise the real meaning.

Rationalization

The process of rationalization involves taking all of the many symbols, objects, events, and people that appear in a dream and transforming them into a coherent and understandable dream.

A Word From Verywell

Not everyone agrees that dreams have a hidden meaning, but the theory of dream interpretation remains popular. Analyzing the latent content of your dreams may be one way to gain insight into things that might be bothering you.

By Kendra Cherry
Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology.

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