People’s beliefs about health and illness may be incorrect. which of these common beliefs is true?

Misconceptions about cancer treatment might make you feel confused or unsure when choosing a treatment. Learn the truth so that you can feel more comfortable with your cancer treatment.

By Mayo Clinic Staff

Research advances have improved cancer treatment to make it more effective and to reduce side effects. Yet some misleading ideas about cancer treatment still persist. Here's a look at common misconceptions about cancer treatment and explanations to help you understand the truth.

Myth: A positive attitude is all you need to beat cancer

Truth: There's no scientific proof that a positive attitude gives you an advantage in cancer treatment or improves your chance of being cured.

What a positive attitude can do is improve the quality of your life during cancer treatment and beyond. You may be more likely to stay active, maintain ties to family and friends, and continue social activities. In turn, this may enhance your feeling of well-being and help you find the strength to deal with your cancer.

Myth: If we can put a man on the moon, we should have cured cancer by now

Truth: Finding the cure for cancer is proving to be more complex than mastering the engineering and physics required for spaceflight.

Cancer actually includes a large group of diseases. Each person's cancer may have many different causes. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, doctors still have much to learn about what triggers a cell to become cancerous and why some people who have cancer do better than others.

In addition, cancer is a moving target. Cancer cells may continue to mutate and change during the course of the disease. This may lead to the cancer cells no longer responding to the chemotherapy drugs or radiation treatments that were given initially.

Myth: Drug companies and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are blocking or withholding new cancer treatments

Truth: Your doctor and the FDA, which must approve new drugs before they can be given to people who aren't enrolled in clinical trials, are your allies. As such, they make your safety a high priority.

Unfortunately, scientific studies to determine the safety and effectiveness of new cancer treatments take time. That may create the appearance or lead to reports that effective new treatments are being blocked.

Doctors often go into cancer research because they have a family member or friend affected by the disease. They are as interested in finding a cure as anyone else, for the same reason — it affects them personally. They hate to see a loved one in pain and don't wish to lose this person. They also want to spare others what they have gone through.

Myth: Regular checkups and today's medical technology can detect all cancer early

Truth: Although regular medical care can indeed increase the ability to detect cancer early, it can't guarantee it. Cancer is a complicated disease, and there's no sure way to always spot it.

Routine screening has been linked to a decrease in deaths from cancers of the prostate, cervix, breast, lung, colon and rectum.

Myth: Undergoing cancer treatment means you can't live at home, work or go about your usual activities

Truth: Most people who have cancer are treated on an outpatient basis in their home communities.

At times it may be helpful to travel to a specialty medical center for treatment. But often, doctors at such a medical center can work with doctors in your hometown so that you can be with your family and friends.

Sometimes, people may desire to take time away from work to focus on health. Many times it is possible to resume or continue to work.

A lot of research has gone into making it easier for people to live more-normal lives during their cancer treatment. For example, drugs are now available to help better control nausea and exercise programs are encouraged. The result is that you're often able to work and stay active during your treatment.

Myth: Cancer is always painful

Truth: Some cancers never cause pain.

For people who do experience cancer pain, especially people who have advanced cancer, doctors have become more aware of the need to control such pain and have learned better ways to manage it. Although all pain may not be eliminated, the goal is to control the pain so that it has little impact on your daily routine.

Myth: A needle biopsy can disturb cancer cells, causing them to travel to other parts of the body

Truth: For most types of cancer, there's no conclusive evidence that a needle biopsy — a procedure used to diagnose many types of cancer — causes cancer cells to spread.

There are exceptions, though, of which doctors and surgeons are aware. For instance, a needle biopsy usually isn't used in diagnosing testicular cancer. Instead, if a doctor suspects testicular cancer, the testicle is removed.

Myth: Surgery causes cancer to spread

Truth: There is no evidence that indicates surgery can cause cancer to spread. Don't delay or refuse treatment because of this myth. Surgically removing cancer is often the first and most important treatment.

Some people may believe this myth because they feel worse during recovery than they did before surgery.

Myth: Everyone who has the same kind of cancer gets the same kind of treatment

Truth: Your doctor tailors your treatment to you. What treatment you receive depends on where your cancer is, whether or how much it has spread, how it's affecting your body functions, your general health, and other factors.

More and more, cancer treatment is being tailored based on genetic testing on your cancer cells. Specific changes or mutations in your cancer cells may help guide your treatment. Also, cancer treatments may depend on the genes that you're born with. Certain genes may show that your body processes certain chemotherapy treatments and drugs differently than someone else's body.

Myth: Everyone who has cancer has to have treatment

Truth: It's up to you whether you want to treat your cancer. You can decide this after consulting with your doctor and learning about your options.

A person who has cancer might choose to forgo treatment if he or she has:

  • A slow-growing cancer. Some people who have cancer might not have any signs or symptoms. Lab tests might reveal that the cancer is growing very slowly. These people might choose to wait and watch the cancer. If it suddenly begins growing more quickly, treatment is always an option.
  • Other medical conditions. If you have other significant illnesses, you may choose not to treat your cancer, as the cancer may not be the biggest threat to your health. This may be especially true in the case of a slow-growing cancer.
  • A late-stage cancer. If the burden of treatment side effects outweighs the benefit that treatment can bring, you might choose not to be treated. But that doesn't mean your doctor will abandon you. Your doctor can still provide comfort measures, such as pain relief.

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March 22, 2022

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See more In-depth

See also

  1. Infographic: 3D Printing for Cancer Treatment
  2. Adjuvant therapy for cancer
  3. After a flood, are food and medicines safe to use?
  4. Alternative cancer treatments: 11 options to consider
  5. Atypical cells: Are they cancer?
  6. Biological therapy for cancer
  7. Biopsy procedures
  8. Blood Basics
  9. Bone marrow transplant
  10. Bone scan
  11. Cancer
  12. Cancer
  13. Cancer blood tests
  14. Myths about cancer causes
  15. Infographic: Cancer Clinical Trials Offer Many Benefits
  16. Cancer diagnosis: 11 tips for coping
  17. Cancer-related fatigue
  18. Cancer pain: Relief is possible
  19. Cancer-prevention strategies
  20. Cancer risk: What the numbers mean
  21. Cancer surgery
  22. Cancer survival rate
  23. Cancer survivors: Care for your body after treatment
  24. Cancer survivors: Late effects of cancer treatment
  25. Cancer survivors: Managing your emotions after cancer treatment
  26. Cancer survivors: Reconnecting with loved ones after treatment
  27. Cancer treatment
  28. Cancer treatment decisions: 5 steps to help you decide
  29. Cancer Vaccine Research
  30. Cancer-related pain
  31. Cellphones and cancer
  32. Chemo Targets
  33. Chemoembolization
  34. Chemotherapy
  35. Chemotherapy and hair loss: What to expect during treatment
  36. Chemotherapy and sex: Is sexual activity OK during treatment?
  37. Chemotherapy nausea and vomiting: Prevention is best defense
  38. Chemotherapy side effects: A cause of heart disease?
  39. Complete blood count (CBC)
  40. Cough
  41. CT scan
  42. Curcumin: Can it slow cancer growth?
  43. Cancer-related diarrhea
  44. Eating during cancer treatment: Tips to make food tastier
  45. Fatigue
  46. Fertility preservation
  47. Get ready for possible side effects of chemotherapy
  48. Ginger for nausea: Does it work?
  49. Heart cancer: Is there such a thing?
  50. High-dose vitamin C: Can it kill cancer cells?
  51. Honey: An effective cough remedy?
  52. How plant-based food helps fight cancer
  53. Infographic: CAR-T Cell Therapy
  54. Intrathecal chemotherapy
  55. Joint pain
  56. Low blood counts
  57. Magic mouthwash
  58. Medical marijuana
  59. Mediterranean diet recipes
  60. Mindfulness exercises
  61. Minimally invasive cancer surgery
  62. Monoclonal antibody drugs
  63. Mort Crim and Cancer
  64. Mouth sores caused by cancer treatment: How to cope
  65. MRI
  66. Muscle pain
  67. Needle biopsy
  68. Night sweats
  69. No appetite? How to get nutrition during cancer treatment
  70. Palliative care
  71. PALS (Pets Are Loving Support)
  72. Pelvic exenteration
  73. PET/MRI scan
  74. Pet therapy
  75. Radiation therapy
  76. Infographic: Scalp Cooling Therapy for Cancer
  77. Seeing inside the heart with MRI
  78. Self-Image During Cancer
  79. Sentinel lymph node mapping
  80. Sisters' Bone Marrow Transplant
  81. Sleep tips
  82. Mediterranean diet
  83. Radiation simulation
  84. Small cell, large cell cancer: What this means
  85. Stem Cells 101
  86. Stem cells: What they are and what they do
  87. Thalidomide: Research advances in cancer and other conditions
  88. Tumor vs. cyst: What's the difference?
  89. TVEC (Talimogene laherparepvec) injection
  90. Ultrasound
  91. Unexplained weight loss
  92. Stem cell transplant
  93. How cancer spreads
  94. MRI
  95. PICC line placement
  96. When cancer returns: How to cope with cancer recurrence
  97. Wide local skin excision
  98. X-ray

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