Is a societys personality, and includes values ethics and material objects produced by its members

Society’s personality the values, ethics, rituals, traditions, material objects, and services produced or valued by members of a society.

Define the three functional areas in a cultural system.

• Ecology- the way a system adapts to its habitat
  
• Social Structure- the way people maintain an orderly social life.
• Ideology- the mental characteristics of a people and the way they relate to their environment and social groups.
  

Why is diversity beneficial?

Being around people who are different from us makes us more creative, increased critical thinking, more diligent, and harder working.

What are ritual’s effects on food consumption?

Set of symbolic, fixed sequence, repeated periodically, behaviors. Rituals become a part of your identity. Tastes better to us.

Describe the difference between an enacted norm and a crescive norm

Enacted norms are specifically chosen. Crescives norms are discovered as we interact customs, conventions, mores.

What makes myths a special kind of story?

Myths are stories with symbolic elements that represent the shared emotions/ideals of a culture. The functions of myths they help explain origins of existence.

Compare and contrast sacred and profane consumption.

Sacred Consumption involves objects and events that are set apart from normal activities that are treated with respect or awe.
Profane Consumption describes objects and events that are ordinary or everyday; they don’t share the specialness of sacredness.

Describe a culture production system (CPS) and its three components. Is the set of individuals and organizations that create and market a cultural product.

Is the set of individuals and organizations that create and market a cultural product. 1. A creative subsystem to generate new symbols and products 2. A managerial subsystem to select, make tangible, produce, and manage the distribution of new symbols and products 3. A communications subsystem to give meaning to the new product and provide it with a symbolic set of attributes

the process of learning the beliefs and behaviors endorsed by another culture

online games merged with interactive advertisements that let companies target specific types of consumers

norms that regulate how we conduct our everyday lives

a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture

the values, ethics, rituals, traditions, material objects, and services produced or valued by the members of society

a norm that controls basic behaviors, such as division of labor in a household

individuals who are responsible for determining the types of messages and symbolism to which members of mass culture are exposed

a way members of a culture adapt to their physical habitat

the process of learning the beliefs and behaviors endorsed by ones own culture

the mental characteristics of a person and the way they relate to their environment and social groups

a custom with a strong moral overtone

a story containing symbolic elements that expresses the shared emotions and ideals of a culture

the informal rules that govern what is right or wrong

the process of obtaining exposure for a product by arranging for it to be inserted 

the process whereby elements of popular culture are appropriated by marketers and become integrated into marketing strategies ie banana stand arrested development

a set of multiple, symbolic behaviors that occur in a fixed sequence and that tend to be repeated periodically.

sacred times marked by a change in social status

a group whose members share beliefs and common experiences that set them apart from other members of a culture

a process that occurs when ordinary objects, events, or people take on sacred meaning to a culture or to specific groups within a culture

a belief that some condition is preferable to its opposite

Define the three basic types of decision making

Cognitive- deliberate, rational, sequential Habitual- behavioral, unconscious, automatic Affective- emotional, instantaneous

Understand the three types of involvement discussed in class

1. Product involvement- perceived risk, brand loyalty 2. Situational involvement- personalization, customer service 3. Message involvement- properties of the medium and message content that influence a persons degree of engagement with the message

Define the five stages of the cognitive decision-making process

1. Problem recognition • Need recognition (thirsty) • Opportunity (Sports Drink), increase ideal state • Imbalance of internal and eternal stimuli 2. Information Search • Internal information search (memory) • External information search (cybermediary, non marketing controlled, marketing controlled) 3. Evaluation of alternatives • Evoked set: know about • Consideration set: serious about 4. Purchase 5. Post purchase behavior • Consumer satisfaction • Product disposal • Alternative markets

Understand the “paradox of choice.”

• Jam taste tests, 24 or 6 jams • More people stopped at stand with 24 jams • 30% of people bought after tasting from 6 • 3% bought after tasting 24

Define the five types of perceived risk involved in an information search.

1. Monetary 2. Functional 3. Physical 4. Social (reflects poorly) 5. Psychological

Understand affective decision making, why is it attractive to marketers?

Positive affect: lovemarks- personal relationships, loyalty beyond reason, what about out future

• People react differently to a particular one depending on context • Frames create differences between two equal products

What is loss aversion? What is sunk-cost fallacy?

1. Loss aversion- emphasize losses more than gains (FOMO) 2. Sunk-Cost Fallacy reluctant to waste something we have paid for

is the phenomenon whereby consumers will tend to have a specific change in preference between two options when also presented with a third option that is asymmetrically dominated

the products a consumer actually deliberates about choosing

assumed associations among events that may or may not actually influence one another

those products already in memory plus those prominent in retail environment that are actively considered during a consumers choice process

the mental rules of thumb that lead to a speedy decision

positioning strategy, competition, category exemplars, location organized system of concepts relating to brands, stores, and other concepts

a passionate commitment to a brand 

the extensive cognitive decision strategies we use when we want to identify the best possible choice Definition

framing a problem in terms of gains/losses influences our decisions

consumers preset expectations of how much they intend to spend on a shopping trip

the result of a highly involving message where people become immersed in the storyline

belief that a product has potentially negative consequences

a descriptive model of how people make choices

property of a stimulus that evoke a schema that lead us to compare the stimulus to other similar ones we encountered in the past

a decision strategy that aims to yield an adequate solution (rather than the best solution) in order to reduce the costs of the decision making process

the desire to choose new alternatives over more familiar ones

What is brand personality? Understand examples provided in the book.

A set of traits people attribute to a product as if it were a person ie quaker oats

cultural practices whereby inanimate objects are given qualities that make them somehow alive

the tendency to attribute human characteristics to objects or animals

Self-image congruence models

research that suggests we choose products when their attributes match some aspect of the self

Symbolic self completion theory

the perspective that people who have an incomplete self definition in some context will compensate by acquiring symbols associated with a desired social identity

Understand the meaning of consumption situation

Includes a buyer, a seller, and a product or service but also many other factors such as the reason we want to make a purchase and how the physical environment makes us feel

Understand the different situational effects that influence consumers’ decision making process

Antecedent States Situational- factors, Usage contexts , Time pressure , mood
Purchase Environment- Shopping experience, POP stimuli , Sales interactions
Post purchase Processes- Consumer satisfaction Product disposal Alternative markets

Name and describe two basic dimensions that determine whether we will react positively or negatively to a consumption environment. What type of environments do they create?

Pleasure and arousal= determinants of how consumers will react i. Exciting, relaxing, distressing or gloomy

Describe factors can affect a consumers’ moods in the shopping environment that are a) under the control of the marketer b) not under the control of the marketer

Under control (but not cheap) 1. Atmospherics a. Store design, temperature, décor, music, tv programming 2. POP stimuli a. Coupons, displays, samplings 3. Customer service 4. Store image “personality” a. Location, merchandise type, sales people b. Do Wegmans and Aldi have different store images? ii. Not under control 1. Weather, current events, or personal experiences 2. **Co-consumers as product attribute a. Large #s of people= arousal (intense) b. Interpretation of arousal= density vs crowding

Describe the influence of in-store decision making, especially in food shopping. How many decisions are made in the supermarket?

a. Grocery stores: 2 out of 3 purchases i. “slack” in mental budgets ii. Unplanned buying: recognize a need in store iii. Impulse buying: urge to consume b. How to take advantage? i. Apps haven’t worked ii. Placement of items in store: check out, complementary iii. POP: simple to elaborate- engages

the use of space and physical features in store design to evoke certain effects in buyers

a retailing concept that lets consumers participate in the production of the products or services being sold in the store

• : the process lamented by traditional retailers whereby consumers shop their stores to obtain product information and then purchase the chosen product online at a lower price Co-consumer

other patrons in a consumer setting

a process that occurs when the consumer experiences a sudden urge to purchase an item that he or she cannot resist

the process lamented by traditional retailers whereby consumers shop their stores to obtain product information and then purchase the chosen product online at a lower price

stores “personality” composed of such attributes as location, merchandise suitability, and the knowledge and congeniality of the sales staff

an individual’s priorities regarding how he or she spends time as influenced by personal and cultural factors

a feeling of having less time available than is required to meet the demands of everyday living

when a shopper buys merchandise he or she did not intend to purchase, often because she recognizes a new need while in the store

Understand the two modes of thought (system I and system II) and identify the qualities are representative each

System 1: Fast, intuition, emotional, effortless, and slow learning System 2: Slow, reasoning, neutral, effortful, and flexible

From the Switch reading, define the three surprises about change.

Popcorn study- not people but situation Radish and cookie experiment- not laziness but exhaustion Skim vs whole milk- not resistance but lack of clarity

Define a nudge. What are three nudges that have been implemented in a supermarket that influence consumer decision making?

Any aspect of the choice architecture that alters peoples behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives. 1. Mirror example 2. Arrows 3. Produce at eye level 4. Price nudge 5. Local Products

5's of food environment that influence consumption

1. Salient food promotes salient hunger 2. Structure and perceived variety can drive consumption 3. Sizes of packages and portions suggest consumption norms 4. Stockpile food is quickly consumed 5. Serving containers that are wide or large create consumption illusions

Is a society's personality?

Which of the following concept refers to the process whereby a new product spreads through a population?

Which of the following is an object that is admired strictly for its beauty or because it inspires an emotional reaction?

Which of the following is related to many consumption activities that occur in popular culture and includes holiday observances gift giving and grooming?