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A sample of six clusters is to be taken from a population with N = 30 clusters and M = 600 elements. The following table shows values of $M_i$, $x_i$, and $a_i$ for each cluster in the sample. Cluster (i) $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ $M_i$ $\,\,\,\,\,$ $x_i$ $\,\,\,\,\,$ $a_i$ 1 $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ 35 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 3,500 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 3 2 $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ 15 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 965 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 0 3 $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ 12 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 960 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 1 4 $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ 23 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 2,070 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 4 5 $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ 20 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 1,100 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 3 6 $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ 25 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 1,805 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 2 Totals $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ 130 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 10,400 $\,\,\,\,\,$ 13 a. Develop point estimates of the population mean, total, and proportion. b. Develop an approximate 95\% confidence interval for the population mean. c. Develop an approximate 95\% confidence interval for the population total. d. Develop an approximate 95\% confidence interval for the population proportion.

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Terms in this set (129)

Which list presents Bowlby's phases in the correct developmental sequence?
A)
attachment-in-the-making, preattachment, clear-cut attachment, reciprocal relationships
B)
preattachment, reciprocal relationships, attachment-in-the-making, clear-cut attachment
C)
reciprocal relationships, attachment-in-the-making, preattachment, clear-cut attachment
D)
preattachment, attachment-in-the-making, clear-cut attachment, reciprocal relationships

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  1. Social Science
  2. Psychology
  3. Developmental Psychology

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Terms in this set (96)

On average, at what age does most babies touch their own noses when they see their reflection?

18 months

The western value of independence is clearly exhibited in

Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt

In the Strange situation, a sign of secure attachment is

smiling at his mother when she returns to the room

When a baby searches the faces of her parents to see how to respond an unfamiliar is called

social referencing

Developmentalists have demonstrated that social learning takes place

throughout life

A child's typical activity during the oral stage is

sucking on a pacifier

When playing with their children, mothers are more likely than fathers to

play peek-a-boo

Maxwell has recently begun to display the emotion of anger. How old is Maxwell likely to be?

6 months

Type of learning that takes place by observing others

Social

Jessica does not notice when her father leaves the daycare and ignores him when he returns. Jessica's behavior is characteristic of

insecure-avoidant attachment

Sigmund Freud was a

psychoanalytic theorist

Crying and being unable to be comfortable when her mother returns is an example of

Insecure attachment

Experience produces connections between emotions and

neurons

In research on synchrony, mothers were instructed to interact with their infants by copying their facial expressions and then on cue to show no emotional reaction. this procedure is called

still face technique

When baby Lia met her uncle's dog, she cried and tried to move away from the dog. Lia is most likely

9 months

An infants anger is usually triggered by

Frustration

According to the cognitive theory, infants use their early relationships to develop a set of assumptions that become a frame of reference for later in life. Such a set of assumptions is called

working model

Lawrence is playing with his infant daughter Rosalie. He responds to her facial expressions by mimicking and exaggerating the same expressions. Suddenly Lawrence stops showing any emotion. How is Rosalie likely to respond?

frown, fuss, droop or look away

The autonomy versus shame and doubt crisis involves the child

asserting control over his or her own actions

Josie is 15 months old. Her parents are happy in their marriage and financially stable. Most likely Josie's attachment will be

secure

An infant's distress at seeing an unfamiliar person is called

stranger wariness

Emotional reactions, especially those connected to self-awareness, depend in part on

memory

Four month old Sylvia and 13 month old Lizzy are left with a babysitter. How will they react?

Lizzy will probably show more distress than Sylvia

Center-based daycare is common in countries such as France, Israel, and China where it is

heavily subsidized by the government

Jerome clings to his mother and refuses to leave her lap. Jerome is exhibiting

insecure-resistant/ambivalent

Geoffrey enjoys spending time with his 1 year old son. Compared to his wife, Geoffrey's interaction with their son is likely to be

more active than playful

Which behavior develops around 6 weeks of age?

the social smile

With social awareness comes several new emotions including

pride, shame, embarrassment and guilt

In Erikson's theory, the infants earliest task is described as that of

learning trust or mistrust

Which theorist stated "Failure to bring up a happychild falls squarely upon the parents shoulder's"

Watson

Freud's stage that takes place in the second year is called the

anal stage

Which is NOT an essential characteristic of high quality daycare

a ratio of one adult to three infants

Which psychologist developed the Strange Situation test?

Ainsworth

A parent and a toddler meet someone who makes the parent nervous. The toddler will probably

act anxious

Andrew and Laura want to enhance their synchrony with their 6 month old son. They can best do this by

imitating his vocal and facial expressions

Vivian is less than a day old. Which of the following emotions is already apparent?

pain

A sign of secure attachment is when a child

maintains contact with the caregiver while exploring

In the United States, about 20% of infants are cared for by their _______ throughout their first year of life

mothers

When Laurel gave birth, her mother moved in with the young family to help care for the newborn. This sort of care giving by someone other than the baby's parents is called

allocare

A toddler with secure attachment is willing to

explore

The crucial aspect of synchrony is

mutual interaction

Recent research has indicated that once an infant has become securely attached to an adult, they are likely to be

a securely attached child

Huan is in which of Eriksons stage?

autonomy versus shame and doubt

Which scenario portrays a secure attachment?

a child willing to explore a new environment in the presence of the care giver

George gives his dad a wide smile, and his dad responds with an exaggerated surprise look. This is an example of

synchrony

Margarita and Roberto are warm, nurturing parents who hold their baby often. They are exbiting

proximal parenting

Baby Abby is smiling at her dad then slaps him. Because this is typical behavior for her, she may have which type of attachment?

disorganized

Which statement is correct?

An 11 month old girl may show anxiety when her mother goes into another room

Eric's mother left him for a few mins. When she returned, Eric climbed into her lap and the resumed playing. Eric is probably a _______ attached child

securely

The first crisis of life, according to Erikson is

trust versus mistrust

The lasting emotional bond that an infant forms with a care giver is called

attachment

Proximity seeking and contact maintaining behaviors are displays of

attachment

Which of the following emotions is the last to develop in an infant

pride

A child fixated in the oral stage may become an adult who

talks excessively

When a baby acts upset because a care giver is about to leave, the baby is exhibiting

separation anxiety

One clear difference between father infant and mother infant interactions is the

babies laugh and smile more with their fathers

Shaunquelle is an adult who requires regularity in all aspects of her life. Shaunquelle appears to be fixated at the _______ stage

anal

The Strange Situation measures how a child

responds to separation and reunion with a care giver

Allocare refers to children being cared for by

people other than their biological parents

Abed looks to his mother who is smiling at her brother and crawls to him. Abed is demonstrating

social referencing

When playing with their children fathers are more likely than mothers to

engage in physical play

The emotions of shame, pride and embarrassment require that a child first

gain an awareness of other people

Based on research, attachment appears to be

universal

If a child successfully resolves Erikson's first stage, they can be expected to

explore their world

At 6 weeks of age, baby Jessica's newest emotional reaction is MOST likely to be

a social smile

How do people become "fixated" in a Freudian stage?

Their normal development urges are frustrated

Malcolm's yellow blanker would be considered a

transitional object

Worldwide, only about 15% of infants receive daily care from

a paid, trained, nonrelative care giver

Compared with mothers, fathers are more likely to make their infants

laugh

A toddler in Freuds anal stage would also be at Eriksons

autonomy versus shame and doubt stage

Close father infant relationships can teach infants appropriate expressions of emotions, particularly

anger

Which statement about emotional development in toddlers is true?

Emotions such as pride and humility depend on sultural values

According to traditional behaviorism personality is

molded by one's parents

According to psycholanalytic theory, the child's prime focus of pleasure in the first year of life is the

mouth

Dr. Berkowitz is doing research using the Strange Situation in order to measure a child's

attachment

Erikson's second stage of development is called

autonomy versus shame and doubt

Which emotion seems to depend on the development of social awareness?

pride

According to Erikson's theory, what holds true for most toddlers?

they want to gain a sense of control over their own bodies

9 month old Taran explores new environments when his mother is present but shows distress when she leaves the room. Taran's behavior illustrates a _______ attachment

secure

Which characteristic must be present before an infant can experience pride, shame, or guilt?

social awareness

Freud would attribute an adult's overeating to problems during which childhood development stage?

oral

Child care that is provided a person other than the parents is called

allocare

Synchrony depends on

responsiveness and timiing

Usually stranger wariness is first noticeable at ___ months

9

Freud claimed that during the anal stage, infants find pleasure in

stimulating and controlling the bowels

When Ranee falls and hurts herself, she cries and runs to her father. Rather than comforting Renee, her father offers her a toy to distract her. Her father is probably

distal parent

Lin is a 3 month old infant. Which of the following is he likely to have just recently begun displaying?

laughter

Another term for self rule is

autonomy

The coordinated interaction between care giver and infant is called

synchrony

According to Erikson, failure to develop autonomy over one's own actions is most closely identified with

shame and doubt

Research has found that a person's temperament is

linked to biological patterns that appear in infancy

Genji participated in a research study when he was an infant during which the researcher restrained his arms for two minutes. Which emotion did Genji likely experience?

anger

A child with secure attachment is one who makes contact with

care giver after the care giver reenters the room

Based on the experience of the Romanian children who were institutionalized during the late twentieth century, what might be concluded about attachment?

A person's attachment style starts to be set up by about 6 months of age, but is not complete

Attachment in infants is definitely evident by the age of

1 year

A working model according to cognitive theory can be

reorganized

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What is secure attachment in strange situation?

Securely-attached children explore the room freely when their mothers are present, and they act friendly towards the stranger. After their mothers leave the room, they may become distressed and inhibited – exploring less, and avoiding the stranger.

Which infant is demonstrating secure attachment?

Secure – Formed when a caregiver responds consistently with care and comfort. This infant responds with delight when they see their caregiver. Avoidant – Formed when a caregiver often ignores a distressed infant. This child is less likely to seek comfort from their caregiver.

What does secure and insecure attachment look like in the strange situation?

For example, securely attached infant are associated with sensitive and responsive primary care. Insecure ambivalent attached infants are associated with inconsistent primary care. Sometimes the child's needs and met, and sometimes they are ignored by the mother / father.

Which of the following behaviors is typical of securely attached infants in the strange situation?

Despite the high levels of stress, in Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment, infants who were classified as securely attached were more likely to smile and greet the parent happily when the parent returns. They actively seek contact, comfort, and support.