Typhoid fever, which remains a global health problem, is common in developing countries where there is overpopulation and poor sanitary condition. Typically if detected early, it can be successfully managed with antibiotics but if untreated, this illness can be fatal. Show
In this study guide, you’ll learn all about typhoid fever including its transmission, symptoms, management, and nursing interventions.
What is Typhoid Fever?The name Salmonella typhi is derived from the ancient Greek typhos, an ethereal smoke or cloud that was believed to cause disease and madness.
PathophysiologyAll pathogenic Salmonella species, when present in the gut are engulfed by phagocytic cells, which then pass them through the mucosa and present them to the macrophages in the lamina propria.
CausesTyphoid fever is commonly acquired through an ingestion of food or water contaminated by the urine or feces of infected carriers. While a typhoidal salmonella have no nonhuman vectors.
Statistics and IncidencesSince 1900, improved sanitation and successful antibiotic treatment have steadily decreased the incidence of typhoid fever in the United States.
Clinical ManifestationsClinical syndromes associated with Salmonella typhi and paratyphi are indistinguishable. The following are the signs and symptoms of typhoid fever:
Assessment and Diagnostic FindingsThe diagnosis of typhoid fever is primarily clinical.
Medical ManagementTreatment for typhoid fever should not be delayed for confirmatory tests since prompt treatment drastically reduces the risk of complications and fatalities.
Pharmacological ManagementDefinitive treatment of typhoid fever is based on susceptibility.
Nursing management of a patient with typhoid fever include the following: Nursing AssessmentAssessment of a patient with typhoid fever include:
Nursing DiagnosisBased on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for typhoid fever are:
Nursing Care Planning and GoalsThe major nursing care planning goals for typhoid fever:
Nursing InterventionsThe following are the nursing interventions for a patient with typhoid fever:
EvaluationNursing goals for typhoid fever are met as evidenced by:
Documentation GuidelinesDocumentation in a patient with typhoid fever include:
Practice Quiz: Typhoid feverNursing practice questions for Typhoid fever. For more practice questions, visit our NCLEX practice questions page. 1. An infected patient has chills and begins shivering. The best nursing intervention is to: A. Apply iced alcohol sponges 1. Answer: C. Provide additional bedclothes
2. Maria, an 85-year-old patient with a feeding tube, has been experiencing severe watery stool. The patient is lethargic and has poor skin turgor, a pulse of 120, and hyperactive reflexes. Nursing interventions would include: A. Measuring and recording
intake and output and daily weights. 2. Answer: A. measuring and recording intake and output and daily weights
3. Annaliza has a nursing diagnosis of fluid volume deficit. Which one of the following medications could potentially exacerbate the problem? A. Synthroid 3. Answer: C. Lasix
4. In a client with diarrhea, which outcome indicates that fluid resuscitation is successful? A. The client passes formed stools at regular intervals 4. Answer: C. The client exhibits firm skin turgor.
5. When monitoring the daily weight of a patient with fluid volume deficit (FVD), the nurse is aware that fluid loss may be considered when weight loss begins to exceed: A. 0.25 lb 5. Answer: B. 0.50 lb.
ReferencesSources and references for this study guide for typhoid fever:
Which of the following nursing intervention should be implemented to manage a client with appendicitis?Nursing interventions related to the appendicitis patient include: Assessing and relieving pain through medication administration as well as nonpharmacologic interventions. IMPORTANT: DO NOT APPLY HEAT TO THE APPENDICITIS PATIENT'S ABDOMEN AS THIS COULD LEAD TO RUPTURE. Prevent fluid volume deficit.
Which of the following terms best describe the pain associated with appendicitis?The most common symptom of appendicitis is abdominal pain. Typically, symptoms begin as periumbilical or epigastric pain migrating to the RLQ of the abdomen.
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