Show Louis was born at Versailles on 23 August 1754. In 1770, he married Marie Antoinette, daughter of the emperor and empress of Austria, a match intended to consolidate an alliance between France and Austria. In 1774, Louis succeeded his grandfather Louis XV as king of France. Louis initially supported attempts by his ministers Jacques Turgot and later Jacques Necker to relieve France's financial problems. French support for the colonists in the American War of Independence had brought the country to the verge of bankruptcy. Meanwhile, accusations of frivolity, extravagance and scandalous behaviour against the queen, Marie Antoinette, further discredited the monarchy. In 1789, to avert the deepening crisis, Louis agreed to summon the 'estates-general' (a form of parliament, but without real power) in order to try and raise taxes. This was the first time the body had met since 1614. Angered by Louis' refusal to allow the three estates - the first (clergy), second (nobles) and third (commons) - to meet simultaneously, the Third Estate proclaimed itself a national assembly, declaring that only it had the right to represent the nation. Rumours that the king intended to suppress the assembly provoked the popular storming of the Bastille prison, a symbol of repressive royal power, on 14 July 1789. In October, Louis and his family were forced by the mob to return to Paris from their palace at Versailles. In June 1791, they attempted to escape, which was considered proof of Louis' treasonable dealings with foreign powers. He was forced to accept a new constitution, thereby establishing a constitutional monarchy. Nonetheless, against a background of military defeat by Austria and Prussia, the revolutionary leadership was becoming increasingly radicalised. In September 1792, the new National Convention abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic. Louis was found guilty of treason and executed at the guillotine on 21 January 1793. Marie Antoinette was executed nine months later.
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Terms in this set (69)How did ideas from the Enlightenment challenge absolutism? The desire for more rationality in society led to attacks on absolutism. What role did Enlightenment ideas play in the French Revolution, specifically the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? The French declaration was heavily influenced by the political philosophy of the Enlightenment and principles of human rights as was the U.S. Declaration of Independence which preceded it. What were the causes of the French Revolution? Inequalities in society. Ideas of Enlightenment writers. Poor leadership from Louis XVI. Financial crisis. Widespread hunger and record cold. What were the effects of the French Revolution? * rise of the French bourgeoisie[middle class] How was the Reign of Terror an example of human rights violations? The rulers of Europe, above all the French kings, had attempted to curtail the special rights of the estates and to rule uncontrolled as absolutist autocrats. What changes in government occurred from the reign of King Louis XVI through the Napoleonic Age? Louis XVI born Louis-Auguste, was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. What led to Napoleon gaining power? The victory helped cement Napoleon's power as first consul. How did Napoleon spread revolutionary and nationalist ideas across Europe? It was spread to the rest of Europe by Napoleon's conquests. Why is the French Revolution considered a turning point in history? People had been ruled by a monarchy for many generations. How did attitudes toward women change during the period of the Enlightenment and French Revolution? Women had no political rights in pre-Revolutionary France; they were considered "passive" citizens, forced to rely on men to determine what was best for them dramatically changed. In this passage, Montesquieu references 3 One historical development that resulted from the ideas expressed here was the 2 Which document did this passage most heavily influence? 3 This drawing illustrates conditions that contributed primarily to the beginning of the 3
What the point of view of the author of this drawing? 2 Which of the following individuals most strongly influenced the ideas in the excerpt of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen above? 3 Which of the following states the point of view of the authors of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen? 1 Identify the best use of this document for a historian. 8 Based on this map, identify a political impact of Napoleon's conquests in Europe. 4 Which event occurred after the circumstances illustrated in this map? 1 Explain the historical circumstances that led to Napoleon's rise and consolidation of power in the early nineteenth century. The Emperor of Napoleon Bonaparte, despite the radical differences in these ruling regimes. Explain H.G. Wells' point of view concerning the career of Napoleon Bonaparte. He saw him as the most illuminating figures in modern history. Explain the extent to which this account by historian H.G. Wells is a reliable source of evidence for understanding the career of Napoleon Bonaparte. In response, be sure to include your evaluation of the source's reliability and your reasoning for that evaluation. He's a historian. Identify a similarity regarding the career of Napoleon Bonaparte as expressed in the documents. He aped Caesar, Alexander, and Charlemagne. Identify a difference regarding the career of Napoleon Bonaparte as expressed in the documents. A jailed didn't respect him. Select two individuals who engaged in nationalist efforts and for each Adolph Hitler took drastic actions in an effort to promote nationalism. Toussaint L'Ouverture was a domestic slave who dreamed of social equality in Haiti. Select two
political leaders and for each Napoleon Bonaparte became the most powerful ruler of the strongest empire in Europe. But not until Adolf Hitler would the world see a leader bring about such radical actions. Select two armed conflicts and for each The Crusades and the Opium War have influenced the histories of people and countries. Select two revolutions and for each One revolution that changed a society was the Neollthic Revolution. Another Revolution that changed history was the Industrial revolution. Select two situations where the collapse of a government has led to significant changes in a country or region and for each Two nations that have experienced a collapse of the government are France with the collapse of Louis XIV's government due to a revolution and the Nationalist government in China, also due to a successful revolution. Select
two individuals from your study of global history and for each Two such individuals who have made great changes to the thought process and ideas of society throughout history are Karl Marx and Mikhail Gorbachev. Select two sets of laws and/or orders mentioned in the historical context and for each The Nazi orders and laws of the Third Reich, and the Pass laws of the Republic of South Africa are two examples of laws created. Choose two leaders mentioned in the historical context and for each King Louis XIV of France and Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union used political propaganda, the assertion of fear, as well as control over certain establishments and buildings in order to assume and strengthen their own control. Select two turning points mentioned in the historical context and for each The signing of the Nanjing Treaty had taken place. The out break of the bubonic plague happened in 1943. All these thing happend for one reason. How did the French Revolution inspire the Haitian and Latin American revolutions? After the French Revolution, revolutionary ideals of liberalism and nationalism led to revolutionary and nationalist movements in Latin America and Europe. How did the social pyramid of the Spanish colonies in Latin America contribute to revolution? Spanish conquerors used their large plantations to force labor among African and Indian slaves. What were the long-term and short-term effects of the Haitian and Latin American revolutions? The Congress of Vienna was successful in all of its goals EXCEPT stopping the spread of liberal and nationalist ideas. How did South American geography impact the formation of newly independent countries on the continent? Newly independent countries in South America struggled economically with cash-crop economies. Why was it a struggle to establish democracy in newly independent South American countries? Establishing the equality, freedom and democracy that liberals tended to believe in was questionable. How was the Congress of Vienna a reaction against revolutionary ideals of liberalism and nationalism? The Congress of Vienna was led by conservatives who wished to "reset the clock" of Europe to pre-French Revolution by In what ways was the Congress of Vienna successful? The Congress of Vienna was successful in all of its goals EXCEPT stopping the spread of liberal and nationalist ideas. How did Otto von Bismarck use "blood and iron" and "realpolitik" to unify the German states? Bismarck's diplomacy of realpolitik and powerful rule at home gained him the nickname the "Iron Chancellor". German unification and its rapid economic growth was the foundation to his foreign policy. What role did Cavour, Garibaldi and Mazzini and Victor Emmanuel II play in the unification of Italy? Nationalism was a unifying force in the case of Italy and Germany who through the work of nationalist leaders like Camillo di Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II, and Giuseppe Garibaldi of Italy, and Otto von Bismarck of Germany. How is nationalism both a unifying force as well as a divisive one? Give an example of each type. Clearly the American Revolution was successful and illustrates when American nationalism first developed. European nations sought to show the power they held and, unfortunately, were not anticipating what would happen next. Based on a comparison of these maps of South America, which conclusion is accurate? A Which individual is most closely associated with the changes indicated on these maps? B The Andes Mountains and the Amazon River basin affected Simón Bolívar's efforts to bring about C
At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the governments of Europe reacted to the French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon by attempting to A Which 19th century ideology led to the unification of Germany and of Italy and to the eventual breakup of Austria-Hungary and of the Ottoman Empire? B These notes could help the student support which of the following claims? A According to Document 1, Toussaint L'Ouverture wanted to achieve all the following except B Which of the following best describes these two documents? B According to Juan Pablo Viscardo, the Americans have been limited in developing their C Juan Pablo Viscardo is advocating which form of government for the Americans? A Juan Pablo Viscardo is responding to the Spanish practice of A Which pair of individuals played a direct role in the changes that took place between Map A and Map B? A Which factor provided the motivation for the changes that took place between 1858 and 1870 as indicated on these maps? D The unification of Italy and the unification of Germany show that B Both Cavour and Bismarck are associated with: A Explain the historical circumstances that led to Metternich's expressing his political philosophy. The revolutionary seed had penetrated into every country and spread more or less. Based on this excerpt, explain Mazzini's purpose for writing this letter. Policemen supported in case of need by the bayonets of men whom we don't understand and who don't understand us. Explain the extent to which Mazzini's account is a reliable source of evidence for understanding the unification movement in the 19th century. In your response, be sure to include your evaluation of the source's reliability and your reasoning for that evaluation. A petition, signed collectively, constitutes a crime against the State. Identify and explain a cause-and-effect relationship associated with the events or ideas in documents 1 and 2. Be sure to use evidence from both documents 1 and 2 in your response. Nevertheless the revolutionary seed had penetrated into every country and spread more or less. Policemen supported in case of need by the bayonets of men whom we don't understand and who don't understand us. Select two individuals who engaged in nationalist efforts and for each Adolph Hitler took drastic actions in an effort to promote nationalism. tary was defeated and the nation was crushed. Toussaint L'Ouverture was a domestic slave who dreamed of social equality in Haiti. Select two political leaders and for each Castro's revolution had the popular support of the public because he promised to bring reforms to the governmental system by supporting public education and an even distribution of wealth. Napoleon Bonaparte became the most powerful ruler of the strongest empire in Europe. Select two armed conflicts and for each The Opium wars between China and Britain were started because the British continued to smuggle in opium even though the chinese government tried to prohibit it. The Crusades was a series of armed conflicts that affected the lives of people throughout Europe. Select two revolutions and for each One revolution that changed a society was the Neollthic Revolution. Another Revolution that changed history was the Industrial revolution. Select two situations where the collapse of a government has led to significant changes in a country or region and for each Two nations that have experienced a collapse of the government are France with the collapse of Louis XVI's government due to a revolution, and the Nationalist government in China, also due to a successful revolution. Select two situations where the
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How did Louis XVI rise to power?In 1770, to cement an alliance between France and Austria, Louis married Marie-Antoinette, the daughter of Austrian empress Maria-Theresa and Holy Roman Emperor Francis I. Four years later, after the death of his grandfather Louis XV, Louis ascended to the throne, gaining the title of King of France and Navarre.
What were the key factors that led to the downfall of Louis XVI?Louis XVI famously mismanaged the country with his indecisiveness as it slipped into crisis and by 1789 he had lost the respect of his people. Ultimately, this led to his downfall, as the people began to seek different forms of government and rejected the traditions of feudalism and monarchy.
What were the three 3 causes reasons of the French Revolution?The causes can be narrowed to five main factors: the Estate System, Absolutism, ideas stemming from the Enlightenment, food shortages, and The American Revolution.
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Explain the historical circumstances that led to Louis XVI consolidation of power 1
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