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Six Principles of IDEA the Individuals with Disabilities Education ActThe Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a federal law that created rules and guidelines for special education. The law gives eligible children with disabilities rights to the specially designed instruction and individualized services and supports they need to benefit from public education. The IDEA has six foundational principles, which are outlined below. Principle 1: Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)The IDEA gives each eligible child with disabilities the right to a free appropriate public education. FAPE means educational services:
Special education programs must:
Principle 2: Appropriate EvaluationThe IDEA requires that a student must receive an evaluation before providing special education services to determine: (1) whether the student qualifies as “child with a disability” according to the IDEA definition, and if so, (2) to determine the educational needs of the student.
Re-evaluations may occur when:
Independent educational evaluations:
Principle 3: Individualized Education Program (IEP)An IEP is a written statement for each child with a disability that is developed, reviewed, and revised at least once a year by a team including educators, parents, the student whenever appropriate, and others who have knowledge or expertise needed for the development of the student’s special education program. The key word is individualized. The IEP must contain measurable goals written for where we want a student’s skills to be in a year. It must also be designed to offer meaningful progress in the general education curriculum and functional performance. Special education is not a place. The goals and services should be designed without preset expectations for where the services will be provided. The educational program is determined first; the placement or educational setting is determined second:
Principle 4: Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)The IDEA requires that “...To the maximum extent appropriate, children with disabilities, including children in public or private institutions or other care facilities, are educated with children who are not disabled.” Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) means that:
Principle 5: Parent and student participation in decision makingThe IDEA is very specific about what schools must do to ensure that parents have the opportunity to be active participants in each step of the special education process. Parents, and (whenever appropriate) the student, must be meaningfully involved in:
Principle 6: Procedural SafeguardsThe IDEA includes important procedural safeguards to ensure that the rights of children with disabilities and their parents are protected and that they have access to the information needed to effectively participate in the process. Parents are entitled to notice in writing including:
Parents are entitled to access student records:
Parents have a variety of procedural protections they can invoke when they disagree with educators:
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