management information system (MIS) (1) A computer-based system that stores, organizes, and provides information about a business. (2) A system that integrates data from various departments to make it available to help managers with day-to-day business operations. A systematic way to explore the consequences of specific choices using computer software. A difficult situation requiring a solution. A sign or indication of something that appears to be the problem An alternative course of action to be followed if a specific problem arises. Management information systems are those systems that allow managers to make decisions on successful operations of business. MIS refers broadly to a computer-based system that provides manager with the tools for organizing, evaluating and efficiently running their departments. To provide past, present, future information an MIS can include software that helps in decision making, data resources such as databases, the hardware resources of a system, decision support system, people management and project management applications and any computerized processes that enable the department to run efficiently.
Manual adding of data can lead to human error as such, as the data has to be collected from various department and sources. Hence in order to get a better grip on the activity of information processing, it is necessary to have a formal system which should take care of the following points.
The management information system uses computer and communication technology to deal with these points of supreme importance. Functions of Management Information System: 1. To process transactions: Information system process transactions, where transactions maybe be defined as an activity taking place in an organisation. For example, making a purchase or sale or manufacturing a product, it be within the organisation or external in nature. 2. To update maintain a master file: Information system creates and maintains a master file in an organization. A master file stores permanent or historical data about organizational entities. For Example, data processing to prepare employee salary requires data items for the employee basic pay, allowances, deductions etc. 3. To produce reports: Reports are the significant products of an information system. Many reports are produced on a regular basis, which are called scheduled reports. An information system also produces reports on adhoc requests. These are known as special or adhoc requests. 4. To process enquiries: An information system is used to process enquiries. For processing such queries the information system uses its database. 5. To process interactive support applications: The information system contains application designed to support systems for planning, analysing and decision making. Various type of models are used for such type of applications. Components of Information Management System:
Procedures- are the commands for combining the components above to process information and produce the preferred output. Types of Information System: As more and more business functions have been automated, information systems have become increasingly specialised. These systems can either perform alone or can be combined to create a larger system that performs different functions for different people.
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